 | Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 |
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World
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
Black Rhino
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| Black rhinoceros are not strictly territorial in the sense of defending delimited areas against others of their species, |
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| Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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World
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
Black Rhino
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| Black rhinoceros tend to be solitary, the only stable bond being between the female and her calf, but even this is only of a temporary nature, persisting into the female's next pregnancy and ceasing altogether with the birth of her next calf. Other associations, such as that of an adult male wit... |
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| Mason, D.R. 1990 Monitoring of ungulate population structure in the Kruger National Park - report of a survey during August, September and October 1989. Skukuza, National Parks |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
White Rhino
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| Total sample 33, comprising 9 lone adult male, 3 bachelor groups of 2 adult male each, 1 pair of adult male and adult female, 1 pair of adult female and young female, 4 pairs of adult female with juvenile, 1 pair of adult female and juvenile accompanied by 1 adult male, 1 association of 2 adult f... |
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| Reilly, T. 1990 Black rhino return to Swaziland. REF Journal 3: 20-23, fig. 1 |
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Location:
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Species:
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Africa - Southern Africa - Swaziland
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
Black Rhino
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| Released animals. Mayaluka returned to the boma often, where he demolished bushes and churned up the soil in a territorial display against Fecele, who was in an adjacent area separated by electrified wire. The two bulls frequently display along this fenceline and square up to each other, but to... |
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| Kiwia, H.D. 1989 Ranging patterns of the black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis (L.)) in Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology 27: 305-312, figs. 1-3, tables 1-3 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
Black Rhino
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| Owen-Smith (1974) found white rhinoceros bulls to be territorial, although they foray outside their territories to look for water in the dry season. Territorial borders are marked by large hollowed-out dung piles. Ritualized urination is most pronounced when bulls are patrolling the border regi... |
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| Mason, D.R. 1988 Monitoring of ungulate population structure in the Kruger National Park - report of a survey during August, September and October 1987. Skukuza, National Parks |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
White Rhino
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| Social units: 6 lone adult male, 4 bachelor groups, one of 3 adult male and two of 2 adult male, 1 pair of adult female and subadult male, 1 pairs of adult female and subadult female, 1 pair of adult female with juvenile, 1 pair of adult female and juvenile accompanied by 1 adult male, 1 associat... |
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| Cranbrook, Earl of 1987 Riches of the wild: land mammals of South-East Asia. Singapore, Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, pp. i-vii, 1-95 |
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Location:
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World
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
Sumatran Rhino
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| They are normally solitary. |
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| Mason, D.R. 1987 Monitoring of ungulate population structure in the Kruger National Park - report of a survey during August, September and October 1986. Skukuza, National Parks |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
White Rhino
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| Social units: 9 lone adult male, 2 bachelor groups each comprising 2 adult male, 1 pair (adult male + adult female), 1 pair pf adult female and juvenile male, 2 pairs of adult female and yearling female, 1 association of 2 adult female + 2 sub-adult male, 1 association of 2 adult female accompani... |
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| Happold, D.C.D. 1987 The mammals of Nigeria. Oxford, Clarendon Press, pp. i-xvii, 1-402 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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World
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
Black Rhino
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| Rather solitary, usually seen singly or in pairs, and it is rare to see more than 5 individuals together. Males only associate with females for mating, and most pairs or groups are mothers with young. |
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| Atmawidjaja, R. 1987 Country report - Indonesia: Rhino management in Indonesia. Rimba Indonesia 21 (1): 70-74 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Java
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
Javan Rhino
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| It lives solitary or in small groups of two (male, female) or three (male, female and young). |
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Notes for: Behaviour - Social Behaviour
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