 | Adcock, K. 1994 The relevance of 'territorial' behaviour in black rhino to their population management: pp. 82-86, fig. 1, table 1
 | In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 |
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Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
Black Rhino
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| Territorial behaviour is indicated by the repulsion of competing conspecifics from an area occupied by one individual, through overt defense or advertisement.
Territorial black and white rhino males show aggression to other rhino which are not tolerated, and chase them away. The clarity of the ... |
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| Mason, D.R. 1991 Monitoring of ungulate population structure in the Kruger National Park - report of a survey during August, September and October 1990. Skukuza, National Parks |
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Location:
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Species:
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Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
White Rhino
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| Ground sample of 61 comprised 12 lone adult male, 4 bachelor groups of 2 adult male each, 5 pairs of adult male and adult female, 1 pair of adult female and subadult female, 1 pair of adult female and subadult female accompanied by 1 adult male, 2 pairs of adult female and young female, 3 pairs o... |
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| Hodgden, R. 1991 Short-term separation and stress of mother and daughter southern white rhinoceroses at the North Carolina Zoological Park (abstract). Applied Animal Behavior Science 29: 513 |
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Location:
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Captive
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
White Rhino
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| A mother-daughter pair of southern white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum simum) was separated for the first time after 9 years. It was hoped that reducing the strength of the pair bond would make breeding more likely for either female with the 1 male and would build a tolerance to separation, ... |
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| Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 |
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Location:
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Species:
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World
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
White Rhino
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| During the association of the cow and her calf, the calf usually precedes its mother when moving, being guided by gentle prods of her horn. This is in contrast to the black rhinoceros, D. bicornis, where the calf usually runs by her side or behind her. |
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| Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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World
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
White Rhino
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| Territorial bulls occupy clearly defined territories, which they defend against the trespass of other bulls from neighboring territories. In the Umfolozi Game Reserve in Natal, these territories vary in size from 0,75 km? to 2,60 km? (Owen-Smith, 1973); somewhat smaller than those of the black... |
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| Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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World
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
Black Rhino
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| Black rhinoceros vocalise in a number of ways, the most commonly heard being the repeated loud snort given when the individual gets a fright or is angry. They grunt and growl when fighting and may squeal or scream loudly.
The cow calls the calf by emitting a highpitched mew, while the calf, if ... |
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| Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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World
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
White Rhino
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| Vocalisations and subtle displays are used for direct communication; Owen-Smith (1973) recognised 10 of the former and 15 of the latter. Territorial bulls are normally silent, even in encounters, but occasionally may snort when another moves nearby. During courtship of a female, they may squeal... |
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| Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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World
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
White Rhino
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| White rhinoceros occur in small groups consisting of a single dominant or territorial bull, subordinate bulls, cows and their offspring. |
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| Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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World
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
White Rhino
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| Communication within the species depends heavily on olfactory signals (urine and dung constituents), which individual rhinoceros detect through their sensitive sense of smell as they cross the paths of other members of their community, and encounter their dung middens. |
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| Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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World
Behaviour - Social Behaviour
White Rhino
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| Subordinate bulls are tolerated by a territorial bull, providing they remain submissive, and they spend most of their lives within his territory, although they make occasional explorations outside it. Several subordinate bulls may live in a territory of a single territorial bull. |
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Notes for: Behaviour - Social Behaviour
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