Reference Base Notes for: Behaviour - Daily Routine back to search page Sort order: ------------------- Date ASC Author normal    (3) 1 2 3  Bere, R.M. 1966 Wild animals in an African national park. London, Andre Deutsch, pp. 1-96 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino Both kinds of rhino enjoy wallowing in muddy pools, which helps them to get rid of ticks and biting flies; but they hardly ever cross large rivers.   details Smithers, R.H.N. 1966 The mammals of Rhodesia, Zambia and Malawi. London, Collins Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino Dependent on water, drinking at night and very fond of wallowing in mud.   details Gaerdes, F. 1964 Tierleben in Sudwest Afrika: Leitfaden der Zoologie von Sudwestafrika. Windhoek, SWA Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft, pp. 1-270 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino It usually travels by night to find water. In the late afternoon it looks for food.   details Bruton, R. 1963 The rhinos of South-East Asia. Conservation News 1963 August: 5-10, figs. 1-6, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino Like all rhinos, both the Javan and Sumatran species are principally nocturnal animals. They move about only when it is cool, spending the hot part of the day resting in the shade or in mud wallows.   details Bruton, R. 1963 The rhinos of South-East Asia. Conservation News 1963 August: 5-10, figs. 1-6, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Both Sumatran and javan rhinos appear to move over fairly large areas during their daily travels. They move in search of food and between their favorite wallowing places and salt-licks. In some cases these rhinos are known to make rather long seasonal migrations, living in naturally dry areas du...   details Bruton, R. 1963 The rhinos of South-East Asia. Conservation News 1963 August: 5-10, figs. 1-6, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Rhinos are basically nocturnal animals avoiding exercise during the heat of the day. While it is hot they usually remain in the shade or in mud wallows. Like all rhinos, both the Javan and Sumatran species are principally nocturnal animals. They move about only when it is cool, spending the h...   details Bruton, R. 1963 The rhinos of South-East Asia. Conservation News 1963 August: 5-10, figs. 1-6, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino Both Sumatran and Javan rhinos appear to move over fairly large areas during their daily travels. They move in search of food and between their favorite wallowing places and salt-licks. In some cases these rhinos are known to make rather long seasonal migrations, living in naturally dry areas du...   details Andersen, S. 1963 Sumatran rhinoceros (Didermocerus sumatraensis) at Copenhagen Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 3: 56-57, pl. 3 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino A warm den and a pool of heated water had been prepared for Subur and the first thing she did on arrival was to go straight into the pool where she immediately defecated (throughout the flight from Singapore she had hardly defecated at all)   details Bruton, R. 1963 The rhinos of South-East Asia. Conservation News 1963 August: 5-10, figs. 1-6, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino The Southeast Asian species of rhino possess some quite peculiar characteristics which need special study. Among these is the periodically reported habit of always returning to one or two places to defecate so that large piles of dung are built up.   details Bruton, R. 1963 The rhinos of South-East Asia. Conservation News 1963 August: 5-10, figs. 1-6, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Wallowing seems to be absolutely necessary to both species and is probably the reason for their always living in wet areas. Wallowing seems to serve the functions of cooling the animal, keeping the skin wet, and protecting the skin against the many parasites that attack the animal.   details Bruton, R. 1963 The rhinos of South-East Asia. Conservation News 1963 August: 5-10, figs. 1-6, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino The Southeast Asian species of rhino possess some quite peculiar characteristics which need special study. Among these is the reported ability of the Sumatran rhino to swim over long distances to off-shore islands.   details Bruton, R. 1963 The rhinos of South-East Asia. Conservation News 1963 August: 5-10, figs. 1-6, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino The Southeast Asian species of rhino possess some quite peculiar characteristics which need special study. Among these is the peculiar anatomy of the penis of the Sumatran rhino and its habit of spraying the foliage with urine as it moves.   details Andersen, S. 1963 Sumatran rhinoceros (Didermocerus sumatraensis) at Copenhagen Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 3: 56-57, pl. 3 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino she does not have any special place for urination. When she comes on heat, she urinates in short squirts instead of in the usual steady stream.   details Deane, N.N. 1962 Rhino scratch. Natal Wildlife 3: 9 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Black rhino scratch on large rubbing stones, for utter pleasure.   details Deane, N.N. 1962 Black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis. Lammergeyer 2 (2): 48 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino An injured rhino was being kept under observation because it was thought likely that it would have to be destroyed. Later, however, signs of recovery were sufficient for a decision that it should be left alone. The animal has been subsequently seen on many occasions and although it walks with o...   details Milton, O. 1962 Rubber, tin - and rhinos. Animal Kingdom 65 (2): 56-59, figs. 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia - Peninsular Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino After this brief encounter I continued to see fresh tracks in various parts of the jungle and in particular at a wallow. I had cleared an overgrown path to reach this mud puddle and having visited it in vain for eight consecutive days I approached from another direction, rather casually, on the ...   details Steele, N.A. 1962 Rescue of a bogged square-lipped rhino: p. 22 In: Natal Parks Board 14th Annual Report, 1 April 1961 - 31 March 1962. Typewritten Report. Pietermaritzburg, NPB: pp. 1-35 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino In November 1959 a report was received that a white rhino was bogged down at the confluence of the Tjevu and Black Umfolozi Rivers. Three rangers and a gang of Game Guards set off for the area to attempt a rescue. The animal was well and truly bogged and it appeared to be exhausted. The Land R...   details Skafte, H. 1961 A contribution to the preservation of the Sumatran rhinoceros. Acta Tropica 18: 168-176, figs. 1-6 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Sumatra Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino They seem to feed and travel allnight and in the very early hours of the morning. We never saw any rhinos during the day. [female caught] To our amazement we discovered that she ate all day and night, merely interrupted by an occasional bath and a little nap.   details Bigalke, R. 1961 White rhinos at Pretoria Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 2: 43-44 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino In nature the White Rhinoceros has the habit of defecating in definite spots. Large heaps of manure are met within the Umfolozi Reserve, and the rangers in Zululand state that the animals scatter these heaps with their horns.   details Bigalke, R. 1961 White rhinos at Pretoria Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 2: 43-44 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino The enclosure is provided with a shallow bath and in the summer the animals like to lie in this bath. In the Umfolozi Game Reserve White Rhinoceroses are fond of wallowing in pans and they do so mostly at night time. When the animals have finished, they rub themselves against trees or tree-stum...   details Bigalke, R. 1961 White rhinos at Pretoria Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 2: 43-44 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino In nature the White Rhinoceros has the habit of defecating in definite spots. Large heaps of manure are met within the Umfolozi Reserve, and the rangers in Zululand state that the animals scatter these heaps with their horns. In Pretoria I have never seen them make any attempt to do this after ...   details Bigalke, R. 1961 White rhinos at Pretoria Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 2: 43-44 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino The enclosure is provided with a shallow bath and in the summer the animals like to lie in this bath. In the Umfolozi Game Reserve White Rhinoceroses are fond of wallowing in pans and they do so mostly at night time. When the animals have finished, they rub themselves against trees or tree-stum...   details Skafte, H. 1961 A contribution to the preservation of the Sumatran rhinoceros. Acta Tropica 18: 168-176, figs. 1-6 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Sumatra Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino As far as we could ascertain from the network of rhino trails, they are great travellers. At certain times we found plenty of fresh rhino trails in our hunting district, at other times the animals seemed to have vanished completely. The local hunters believed that rhinos move periodically, alth...   details Skafte, H. 1961 A contribution to the preservation of the Sumatran rhinoceros. Acta Tropica 18: 168-176, figs. 1-6 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Sumatra Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino We found that several rhino-trails led down to the swamp which evidently was their favourite bathing place. With hot and dry weather, the horse flies also seemed more bothersome to the rhino and the necessity of coming to the wallows to get a protecting cover of mud increased.   details Schlawe, L. 1961 Ein weibliches Sumatranashorn in Kopenhagen (Didermocerus sumatraensis). Freunde des Kolner Zoo 4 (4): 94-95, figs. 1-7 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino In the outside enclosure, Subur had two places where she sprayed urine in a strong flow. She sprayed up to 6 metres far and to a height of 2 metres. She usually walked around when spraying, but I have seen her urinate also while standing in the wallow.   details Lang, E.M. 1959 Ein Sumatra-Nashorn im Basler Zoo. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen 7 (4): 177, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino The dung was thrown backwards with the hindfeet. Urine is first released in single spouts, then in a continuous current.   details Blancou, L. 1958 Note sur le statut actuel des grands ongules en Afrique Equatoriale Francaise. Mammalia 22: 399-405 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Western Africa - Central African Republic Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino They easily get stuck in the mud, as seen in the movie 'Lions d'Afrique'.   details Osman Hill, W.C. 1958 Abnormal site of horn-growth in Rhinoceros unicornis Linn. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 55 (3): 553-554, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino In June 1958, I received two samples of material removed from the head of a captive Indian Rhino living in the Bombay Zoo. The first sample was from the normal horn, which, as is commonly the case in captive specimens, had been rubbed down by the animal almost to the general level of the muzzle....   details Appelman, F.J. 1958 Ein Wort uber Ceratotherium simum cottoni. Zoologische Garten 24 (3/4): 284, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Java Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino The only indication that we were gaining on the animal were the strong smell of urine in the tunnels and the dung-heaps of the animal in the form of a pyramid. The dung balls were the size of tennis balls.   details Appelman, F.J. 1958 Ein Wort uber Ceratotherium simum cottoni. Zoologische Garten 24 (3/4): 284, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Java Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino This proved difficult, because the area where the rhinoceros prefers to live is densely grown with either shrubs with many kinds of areuj-species (creepers) or with salaria, the bamboo doeri (Lantana camara). We had to bend over for hours on end following the tunnels made by the rhino and had to...   details Burnett, J.H. 1958 The Manas - Assam's unknown wild life sanctuary. Oryx 4 (5): 322-325 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino The rhino and its wallow are inseparable.   details Reynolds, E.A.P. 1954 Burma rhino. Burmese Forester 4 (2): 104-108 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Myanmar (Burma) Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino They love frequent mud baths, rolling themselves for hours with lazy contentment in mud wallows as would a common village buffalo. These mud wallows are found on banks of streams in low terrain, and even on mountains heights above 5000 feet.   details Reynolds, E.A.P. 1954 Burma rhino. Burmese Forester 4 (2): 104-108 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino They are curiously fastidious about their latrine arrangements; and usually dump their droppings in one place. It is by these 'dumps' and by a string of their favourite wallows that would-be poachers track them.   details Tun Yin, U 1954 A note on the position of rhinoceros in the Union of Burma (1953). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 52 (1): 83-87 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Myanmar (Burma) Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino A rhino was shot in early 1946. The rhino was first seen in the Kauk-Kwa valley, crossed the Irawaddy river, Wilatha Hills, the Taping River and was eventually shot in the Maubin Tract by the Shans. Other accounts disclosed two facts: (1) the rhino was not a wanderer from Shwe U Daung; (2) A rh...   details Tun Yin, U 1954 A supplementary note on the status of rhinoceros and thamin (Panolia eldi thamin) in the Union of Burma, 1953. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 52 (2/3): 301-303 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Myanmar (Burma) Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino A queer report comes in from time to time that rhinoceros visit Rodger's Island. This report is hardly credible but as it recurs, there may be some truth in it. In 1889, Anderson stated that rhino found their way to Kisseraing islands, and that then they existed on Sir Robert Campbell and Sir C...   details Gee, E.P. 1953 Further observations on the Great Indian one-horned rhinoceros (R. unicornis Linn.). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 51 (4): 765-772, pls. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino As for dung heaps belonging to individual rhino and denoting territory, my own observations do not confirm this. It is my personal belief that, although rhino generally remain in one particular part of the sanctuary, they move about freely within that locality according to availability of grazin...   details Gee, E.P. 1953 Further observations on the Great Indian one-horned rhinoceros (R. unicornis Linn.). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 51 (4): 765-772, pls. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino When monsoon floods invade the sanctuary, the muddy wallows so much sought after by rhino for warding of flies are very few and far between. The few that exist are in great demand, and several rhino sometimes have to share a wallow. For example, on 23-7-53 A. Jairamdas, while visiting Kaziranga ...   details Natal Parks Board 1953 Nature protection in Natal and Zululand. Oryx 2 (1): 16-18 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino A white rhino became stuck in a small river and in spite of terrific struggles, of which the signs were plain to see, it remained there for approx. 12 hours almost completely submerged in the water. Fortunately the ending was a happy one because a native constable, to whom the thanks of all cons...   details Wilhelm, J.H. 1950 Das Wild des Okawangogebietes und des Caprivizipfels. Journal of the South-West Africa Scientific Society 7: 1-7 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Smaller trees which stand in their way are often uprooted like they were playing.   details Wilhelm, J.H. 1950 Das Wild des Okawangogebietes und des Caprivizipfels. Journal of the South-West Africa Scientific Society 7: 1-7 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino The rhino rests lying on its belly, the eras constantly moving.   details Wilhelm, J.H. 1950 Das Wild des Okawangogebietes und des Caprivizipfels. Journal of the South-West Africa Scientific Society 7: 1-7 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino The rhino deposits the dung on very specific places near the paths and loosens these with the hind legs. No animal of the species will pass such a dung pile without depositing dung or urinating. This habit is a way of communication for all passing rhinos.   details Wilhelm, J.H. 1950 Das Wild des Okawangogebietes und des Caprivizipfels. Journal of the South-West Africa Scientific Society 7: 1-7 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino It likes to wallow in muddy places, lying on its side like a pig. One finds these wallows everywhere in rhino country.   details Wilhelm, J.H. 1950 Das Wild des Okawangogebietes und des Caprivizipfels. Journal of the South-West Africa Scientific Society 7: 1-7 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Solitary rhinos wander far afield.   details Wilhelm, J.H. 1950 Das Wild des Okawangogebietes und des Caprivizipfels. Journal of the South-West Africa Scientific Society 7: 1-7 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino At night it walks to drink in the rivers or large pans in the Omuramben. Deep paths lead to the individual drinking places and from there back into the thornbush, where the rhino has many sleeping places. Many paths lead to these resting places, which are often found under a large shadowy tree....   details Babault, G. 1949 Notes ethologiques sur quelques mammiferes africains. Mammalia 13: 1-16 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino This animal customarily lives among spiny bushes, but one also finds it in forests and on mountains. Although sedentary, he sometimes moves and goes far in the arid plains.   details Babault, G. 1949 Notes ethologiques sur quelques mammiferes africains. Mammalia 13: 1-16 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino During droughts. As the elephants, the rhinoceroses know how to dig wells during severe droughts; they certainly do it in the same manner.   details Babault, G. 1949 Notes ethologiques sur quelques mammiferes africains. Mammalia 13: 1-16 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino The black rhinoceroses are rather nocturnal. They pass the whole middle of the day sleeping, often in the shade of the trees in a dry river bed. Although sedentary, he sometimes moves and goes far in the arid plains. At night, these animals show more activity, they play and simulate fights,...   details Babault, G. 1949 Notes ethologiques sur quelques mammiferes africains. Mammalia 13: 1-16 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino They have the habit to urinate to the same place, every day, in the bottom of a ravine where the rocks are whitened by urine. Contrary to the white rhinoceros, they don't deposit their dung in one place, but they disperse it by kicking it with their legs.   details Babault, G. 1949 Notes ethologiques sur quelques mammiferes africains. Mammalia 13: 1-16 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino They have the habit to urinate to the same place, every day, in the bottom of a ravine where the rocks are whitened by urine.   details Babault, G. 1949 Notes ethologiques sur quelques mammiferes africains. Mammalia 13: 1-16 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Uganda Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino He browses more than the black rhinoceros and eats less foliage. It is a fact which one can see in the dung that he deposits in heaps in one place that he frequents and doesn't go too far away from.   details Shebbeare, E.O.; Roy, A.N. 1948 The great one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis L). Journal of the Bengal Natural History Society 22: 88-91, pls. 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino All rhinos have the peculiar habit of depositing their dung in the same place daily for many days and of walking backwards to this spot for the last few yards. This habit is well known to poachers.   details Shebbeare, E.O.; Roy, A.N. 1948 The great one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis L). Journal of the Bengal Natural History Society 22: 88-91, pls. 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino Rhino dislikes intense heat and is worried by flies and leeches. He lies up in thick forest during the heat of the day, generally in pools under deep shade or in muddy wallows.   details Ansell, W.F.H. 1947 A note on the position of rhinoceros in Burma. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 47 (2): 249-276, pl. 1, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino It is a shy and retiring animal and addicted to wandering, often for great distances.   details Ansell, W.F.H. 1947 A note on the position of rhinoceros in Burma. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 47 (2): 249-276, pl. 1, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino The day is spent lying up or in a wallow, feeding usually takes place in the early morning and evening.   details Ansell, W.F.H. 1947 A note on the position of rhinoceros in Burma. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 47 (2): 249-276, pl. 1, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino The species needs mud wallows, and these are often in the pockets of hills near the sources of streams.   details Ansell, W.F.H. 1947 A note on the position of rhinoceros in Burma. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 47 (2): 249-276, pl. 1, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino It uses the same place when possible for excretion, the pile of dung becoming considerably large.   details Groeneveldt, W. 1938 Een overzicht van de vaste trekwegen van olifanten in Zuid-Sumatra alsmede eenige gegevens over rhinocerossen. Mededelingen van de Nederlandse Commissie voor Internationale Natuurbescherming 12: 73-109, pl. 1, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Sumatra Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino I was told that rhinos were seen in the source area of the Way Roe and the Way Baroe (marga Bengkoenat) and that they descended from the mountains to lower areas during diminishing and new moon.   details Astley-Maberly, C.T. 1938 With the white rhinoceros in Zululand. Journal of the Society for the Preservation of the Fauna of the Empire 34: 52-55, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino The droppings of the animal are very like those of a Cow Elephant in size and form - quite different and much larger than those of the Black Rhino - and are black in colour.   details Groeneveldt, W. 1938 Een overzicht van de vaste trekwegen van olifanten in Zuid-Sumatra alsmede eenige gegevens over rhinocerossen. Mededelingen van de Nederlandse Commissie voor Internationale Natuurbescherming 12: 73-109, pl. 1, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Sumatra Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino The presence of rhinos in a certain area is assessed according the number of used wallows called 'koebangan badak' by the locals. Every wallow is surrounded by a certain area where the rhino roams and which it does not leave. Sometimes one animal, or a pair, uses several 'koebangans', also call...   details Hoogerwerf, A. 1938 Among rhino and Javanese wild ox (banteng) in the Oedjoeng Koelon Game Reserve. Nature Protection in the Netherlands Indies Dept. of Economic Affairs, Batavia: 9-14, figs. 1-6 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Java Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino Suddenly we stumbled on the bathing place of a rhino. It looked as though the wallow had only been there a few days and had been filled by the recent rains. From the fresh tracks, the still bubbling water, and especially the mud still slowly dropping from the surrounding leaves, it was plain th...   details Loch, C.W. 1937 Rhinoceros sondaicus: the Javan or lesser one-horned rhinoceros and its geographical distribution. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 15 (2): 130-149, pls. 3-4, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino Professeur Bourret, a well-known zoologist, of the Direction de l'Instruction Publique writing from Hanoi is certain of the existence of two species of Rhino, sondaicus and sumatrensis, in the south of Indo-China ; As an instance of the nomadic tendencies of the animal he calls attention to 'Les ...   details Banks, E. 1937 Rum and rhinos. Sarawak Gazette 1937 August 2: 163-164 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino By all accounts, the rhino was, and still is, a sportsman, and runs for days when he finds a man coming after him, being, however, completely impervious to Government orders, dining well on the local tuba, and proceeding early next morning to the nearest stream for the purpose of stupefying all t...   details Sody, H.J.V. 1936 Enkele eerste aanteekeningen over de sporen der Javaansche zoogdieren. Tectona 29: 215-262 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Java Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino How far one individual may wander, I don't know, but they are at least several day's marches (for a human, through difficult terrain!).   details Sody, H.J.V. 1936 Enkele eerste aanteekeningen over de sporen der Javaansche zoogdieren. Tectona 29: 215-262 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino The dung resembles horse droppings, but the balls are much larger (like tennis balls) and contain much dry woody matter. The rhino likes to deposit these on certain places in the forest, which are therefore covered in dung. Appelman, who followed a rhino in South Tasikmalaja in 1933, said that ...   details Morris, R.C. 1936 To Malaya for a rhinoceros. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 38 (3): 439-446, pls. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia - Peninsular Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino We later came on a heap of the rhino's faeces, somewhat similar to horse's droppings. It is well known to a rhino poacher that a rhinoceros is wont to return to the same spot to defecate, a habit it shares with some of the antelopes, and this, as often as not, leads to its destruction, the poac...   details Sody, H.J.V. 1936 Enkele eerste aanteekeningen over de sporen der Javaansche zoogdieren. Tectona 29: 215-262 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino The dung resembles horse droppings, but the balls are much larger (like tennis balls) and contain much dry woody matter. The rhino likes to deposit these on certain places in the forest, which are therefore covered in dung. Appelman, who followed a rhino in South Tasikmalaja in 1933, said that ...   details Sody, H.J.V. 1936 Enkele eerste aanteekeningen over de sporen der Javaansche zoogdieren. Tectona 29: 215-262 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Java Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino The rhino likes to take mud baths. He has certain 'pangoejangans' which it visits regularly, and where formerly hunters would wait for it to appear. Near such a wallow all bushes and the grass are covered with mud and this mudcover can extend further afield because the mud is rubbed off the ani...   details Prater, S.H. 1934 The wild animals of the Indian Empire and the problem of their preservation, part II. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 37 (1) Supplement: 57-96, pls. 15-36 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino A pair will frequent a given area for a time and. then move off, their movements being affected by the water supply. They enter streams by night and also during the hot hours of the day. The night and early morning is spent in wandering about and feeding; the hot hours of the day in rest in som...   details Prater, S.H. 1934 The wild animals of the Indian Empire and the problem of their preservation, part II. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 37 (1) Supplement: 57-96, pls. 15-36 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino Along the numerous rivers which flow through the jungles of the Nepal Terai the rhino has particular. places for dropping its excreta. Mounds so accumulate in places. In approaching these spots a rhinoceros walks backwards and falls an easy victim to poachers.   details Prater, S.H. 1934 The wild animals of the Indian Empire and the problem of their preservation, part II. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 37 (1) Supplement: 57-96, pls. 15-36 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino In suitable spots there are regular wallows or 'mud baths' in which the huge creatures roll much as buffaloes and pigs do. Aa a result of this habit their bodies are always well coated with mud. Tracks lead off in all directions from these 'wallows'.   details Peacock, E.H. 1933 A game book for Burma & adjoining territories. London, H.F. and G. Witherby, pp. 1-292 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Myanmar (Burma) Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Rhinoceros are difficult animals to track because it is difficult to judge their probable line with the accuracy possible in the case of most other animals. The wretched creatures will as soon walk through a bush as round it; will on occasion totally disregard contours, and. will usually follow ...   details Peacock, E.H. 1933 A game book for Burma & adjoining territories. London, H.F. and G. Witherby, pp. 1-292 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Myanmar (Burma) Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Their movements coincide largely with those of most wild animals: i.e. they feed in the early mornings, evenings and part of the night-and lie up during the day, during which time they may spend many hours in their wallows.   details Wilhelm, J.H. 1933 Das Wild des Okawangogebietes und des Caprivizipfels. Journal of the South-West Africa Scientific Society 6: 51-74, figs. 1-15 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino It wallows like a pig.   details Wilhelm, J.H. 1933 Das Wild des Okawangogebietes und des Caprivizipfels. Journal of the South-West Africa Scientific Society 6: 51-74, figs. 1-15 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino The rhino walks to his drinking place at night, during the day it rests in thick thorn bush lying on its belly. The ears move constantly.   details Peacock, E.H. 1933 A game book for Burma & adjoining territories. London, H.F. and G. Witherby, pp. 1-292 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Myanmar (Burma) Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Large collections, of rhinoceros dung are commonly found and show that these animals, when not disturbed, are accustomed to return to the same spot for this purpose. I have seen a collection of their droppings nearly 2 feet high and 4 feet across.   details Peacock, E.H. 1933 A game book for Burma & adjoining territories. London, H.F. and G. Witherby, pp. 1-292 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Myanmar (Burma) Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Its wallows are generally found in the pockets of hills at the sources of streams springing from high and remote watershed. The wallows vary in size from a shallow depression scarcely larger than the animal itself, and apparently individual to itself, to ones 20 or 30 feet across which are used ...   details Barbour, T.; Allen, G.M. 1932 The lesser one-horned rhinoceros. Journal of Mammalogy 13: 144-149, pl. 11 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino During the day they lie up in the shade on hillsides or on the summits of ridges above streams.   details Barbour, T.; Allen, G.M. 1932 The lesser one-horned rhinoceros. Journal of Mammalogy 13: 144-149, pl. 11 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino They swim well, crossing rivers.   details Knollys, A.C.; Lyell, D.D. 1932 Rhinoceros: pp. 113-115 In: Maydon, H.C. Big game shooting in Africa. London, Seeley, Service and Co (The Lonsdale Library, vol. 14): pp. 1-445 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Like the White race they resort to one spot to drop their dung and then kick it about, so that the bushes near are sprinkled with it.   details Powell Cotton, P.H.G. 1932 Black rhinoceros hunting: pp. 115-119 In: Maydon, H.C. Big game shooting in Africa. London, Seeley, Service and Co (The Lonsdale Library, vol. 14): pp. 1-445 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Sudan Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino Here they were in the habit of feeding and drinking during the night, but before dawn broke they set out on a four or five hours' trek to thorn scrub, in which to lie up for the day. This habit was most regular in the vicinity of the Belgian posts, where parties of native hunters were often sent...   details Powell Cotton, P.H.G. 1932 Black rhinoceros hunting: pp. 115-119 In: Maydon, H.C. Big game shooting in Africa. London, Seeley, Service and Co (The Lonsdale Library, vol. 14): pp. 1-445 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Sudan Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino A peculiarity of both the White and Black varieties is the custom of resorting to the same spot day by day to deposit their dung, and these middens are a useful record to the hunter in search of fresh tracks.   details Knollys, A.C.; Lyell, D.D. 1932 Rhinoceros: pp. 113-115 In: Maydon, H.C. Big game shooting in Africa. London, Seeley, Service and Co (The Lonsdale Library, vol. 14): pp. 1-445 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino The Black Rhino feeds mostly on thorns, and like all game, especially in the hot dry season, he drinks nightly, so it is not difficult to pick up his spoor and follow him to his resting place which, in Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia, is usually in the hills.   details Knollys, A.C.; Lyell, D.D. 1932 Rhinoceros: pp. 113-115 In: Maydon, H.C. Big game shooting in Africa. London, Seeley, Service and Co (The Lonsdale Library, vol. 14): pp. 1-445 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Unlike the Elephant, which generally sleeps standing, the rhino lies down, although I have seen one asleep when on his legs.   details Knollys, A.C.; Lyell, D.D. 1932 Rhinoceros: pp. 113-115 In: Maydon, H.C. Big game shooting in Africa. London, Seeley, Service and Co (The Lonsdale Library, vol. 14): pp. 1-445 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Black Rhino are as fond as the White species of wallowing in mud or rolling in dust, which gives their hides a variety of shades, from grey to red.   details Barbour, T.; Allen, G.M. 1932 The lesser one-horned rhinoceros. Journal of Mammalogy 13: 144-149, pl. 11 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino They are partial to water, especially streams with rocky or shingly beds, and like to roll in wet mud.   details Hazewinkel, J.C. 1932 A rhino-hunt in Sumatra. Java Gazette 1 (5) Suppl: i-viii, figs. 1-10 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino With nerves taut through excitement, we crept on, careful to the utmost, for anything might be happening now. Arriving at a cluster of big trees, we found, that had we but come some minutes earlier, we could have surprised our pachyderm taking its bath in a mudpool. In these pools, called koeba...   details Witkamp, H. 1932 Het voorkomen van eenige diersoorten in het landschap Koetai. Tropische Natuur 21 (10): 167-177, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino We saw often the feeding remnants of these animals, which are much like those of an elephant, but they are smaller in size. We remember how it occurred to us that in many cases a young rotan had grown from a dung ball, which obviously was a fertile ground for it.   details Schneider, K.M. 1930 Bemerkungen uber die von Christoph Schulz 1929 eingefuhrten ostafrikanischen Tiere. Zoologische Garten 3: 19-28, figs. 1-16 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino The mother of this young animal was pursued for 5 days and must have walked daily about 20 miles.   details Hose, C. 1929 The field-book of a jungle-wallah, being a description of shore, river & forest life in Sarawak. London, H.F. and G. Witherby, pp. i-viii, 1-216 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino He comes down in the heat of the day to take his ease in what are called 'salt-licks', muddy baths formed by springs of saltish water. The clearing and the mud of the bushes were, as I was told, caused by the creature's trampling movement on his way home to his lair higher up the hills. My info...   details Haywood, C.W. 1927 To the mysterious Lorian swamp: an adventure & arduous journey of exploration through the vast waterless tracts of unknown Jubaland. London, Seeley, Service and Co, pp. 1-275 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino He was so close that I could see all the creases in his thick hide, the tufts of hair sticking out of his piggy ears, and the whitish marks where he had rubbed himself against a tree.   details Zukowsky, L. 1924 Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Saeugetiere der noerdlichen Teile Deutsch-Suedwestafrikas unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung des Grosswildes. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 90A (1): 29-164, figs. 1-12, 1 text-fig., table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino The rhino destroys its dung by using the soles of its hind feet, with which its throws its dung backwards and makes it very small. On the dung piles it makes deep furrows. The dung is so much crumbed that it is almost invisible to the eye. Under special occasions, when it is in a hurry, the rh...   details Zukowsky, L. 1924 Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Saeugetiere der noerdlichen Teile Deutsch-Suedwestafrikas unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung des Grosswildes. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 90A (1): 29-164, figs. 1-12, 1 text-fig., table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino The Kaoko rhino, observed for long periods by Steinhardt, all undertook more or less long wanderings, apparently according to the seasons. For instance, the rhinos which sometimes appear near Outjo come from the middle Ugab region, and the two animals living near Orusewa go to the neighbourhood ...   details Faunthorpe, J.C. 1924 Jungle life in India, Burma, and Nepal: some notes on the Faunthorpe-Vernay Expedition of 1923. Natural History 24 (2): 174-198, figs. 1-20, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - Nepal Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino It seems to be extraordinarily regular in its habits. In the evening or late in the afternoon the rhinos of the region where we hunted emerge from the heavy jungle and wallow in the numerous pools and backwaters near the Gandak River. They spend the night in feeding and in the early morning are ...   details Faunthorpe, J.C. 1924 Jungle life in India, Burma, and Nepal: some notes on the Faunthorpe-Vernay Expedition of 1923. Natural History 24 (2): 174-198, figs. 1-20, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - Nepal Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino It seems to be extraordinarily regular in its habits. In the evening or late in the afternoon the rhinos of the region where we hunted emerge from the heavy jungle and wallow in the numerous pools and backwaters near the Gandak River.   details Ellison, B.C. 1922 HRH The Prince of Wales' shoots in India in 1921 and 1922 - part 1. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 28 (3): 675-697, pls. 1-9, map 1, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - Nepal Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino along the numerous rivers it has its particular places for the evacuation of excreta. Along the runs to such places it walks backwards and falls an unsuspecting victim to poachers.'   details Haagner, A. 1920 South African mammals: a short manual for the use of field naturalists, sportmen and travellers. London, H.F.G. Witherby and Cape Town, T. Maskew Miller, pp. i-xx, 1-248 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino It feeds at night or during the early mornings, and evenings after sunset, and sleeps during the hot part of the day.   details Lang, H. 1920 Note on the above [Rhinoceros Horns]. Forest and Stream 90 (7): 379, 2 plates Location: Subject: Species: Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine African Rhino Species No details available yet   details Balen, J.H. van 1914 De dierenwereld van Insulinde in woord en beeld, I: De zoogdieren. Deventer, J.C. van der Burgh, pp. i-vii, i-xi, 1-505 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino The rhinoceros lives solitary or sometimes in pairs in the densest parts of the forest, where it visits early in the morning and at dusk the edges of the low forest. During most of the day, especially around noon, it immerses in the swamp or in a wallow which he frequently visits.   details Balen, J.H. van 1914 De dierenwereld van Insulinde in woord en beeld, I: De zoogdieren. Deventer, J.C. van der Burgh, pp. i-vii, i-xi, 1-505 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino In the mountains it prefers the slopes in the wide and level valleys with streams of small lakes and swamps where it can take bath. Like the buffalo, it lies fully under the water during the heat of the day, with only the front part of the head with the nose and the eyes above the water, or it i...   details Clark, A.H. 1914 Nocturnal animals. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 4: 139-142 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine African Rhino Species The rhinoceros is strictly nocturnal. Many of the herbivorous mammals are most active by night, at which time they often make long journeys for water; this is done to avoid overheating and loss of too much water from the body; and in many places, to avoid certain insects.   details back to search page Sort order: ------------------- Date ASC Author normal    (3) 1 2 3