Javan Rhino - Rhinoceros sondaicus
The Javan Rhinoceros is a herbivorous browser that belongs to the order of the Perissodactyla and is one of the three species of Rhinos native to Asia. Currently it lives in the dense tropical rain forest of Ujung Kulon (and maybe Cat Tien NP), but was once very common throughout IndoChina and was often spotted in grasslands and floodplain in historic times. It is the rarest species of rhino and only 60 individuals remain.. The biggest poulation is currently located on Ujung Kulon Peninsula, Western Java. The population has been stable due to conservation efforts, but numbers don't seem to be increasing. The Javan Rhino looks much like the Indian Rhino but is smaller and it's skin-folds are less defined.
General information
- Weight: 900 - 2,300 kg (2,000 – 5,060 lbs)
- Height (at shoulder): 1,5 – 1,7 m (5 - 5,5 ft)
- Length (head and body): 2 – 4 m (6 -11,5 ft)
- Horn length: 0,25 m (10 in)
- Lifespan: 30 to 45 years
- Characteristics: has one horn and large skin fold, much like the Indian Rhino, but it is smaller.
Javan Rhino Behaviour
- Javan Rhinos are very agile and quiet in their forest environment.
- Javan Rhinos are very solitary except for the females when they have a calf. But may congregate at mud-wallows or salt-licks.
- Javan Rhinos bulls have territories of 12-20 square kilometers in size. Females have smaller teritories (3-14 square kilometer)
- They are very weary for humans, a valuable survival trait, and are therefore hard to study.
Javan Rhino Reproduction
- Gestation period: 16 months.
- Birth intervals per calf: 4 to 5 years.
- Female sexual maturity: at 3 to 4 years
- Male sexual maturity: at approximatly 6 years
- Newborn weaned: at 2 years
Javan Rhino Distribution
- Curent numbers in wild: 60
- Curent numbers in captivity: none exist in captivity. In the past 200 years, only about 22 animals have ever lived in a zoo or menagerie.
- Habitat: historically inhabited lowland rain forest, wet grasslands and large floodplain
- Historic Natural Range: Inhabited much of Sumatra, Western Java, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and there is one subfossil remnant from Borneo.
- Current Range: In two locations, Ujung Kulon National Park, on the Western tip of Java and in Cat Tien National Park in Vietnam (only 5 remaining).
Javan Rhino Diet
- Javan Rhinos are browsers and feed on shoots, twigs, young foliage and fallen fruit.
- Javan Rhinos in historic times might have been mixed feeders as their historic range is believed to have been lowland areas, along watercourses.
- Javan Rhinoceros: This name refers to the island where it occured most.
- Asian lesser one-horned rhinoceros: Like the Indian rhino it has a single horn, but is smaller than the Indian Rhino, therefore called lesser.
- Other names: view a list of Javan Rhino Vernacular Names
The scientific name for the Indian Rhino is Rhinoceros sondaicus.Rhinoceros being from the Greek rhino for “nose”, ceros for 'horn'. Sondaicus refers to the island of Sundo (Java), Indonesia, were the species was most common . Throughout history the Javan Rhino has been referred to using quite a lot of different scientific names. View a list of Javan Rhino Scientific names.
- The Indonesian Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus) is the most common of all Javan Rhino subspecies. It once roamed throughout Java and Sumatra but is now confined to the small peninsula of Ujung Kulon on Western Java. Only 50 to 60 remain.
- The Vietnamese Javan) Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus) or Vietnamese Rhinoceros was once common throughout Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and parts of Thailand and Malaysia, but now the species has about 5 individuals left in Cat Tien National Park.
- The Indian Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis) has been declared extinct. It once roamed in Bengal, Bangladesh and Burma but has probably gone extinct during the first decades of the 20th century. The females of this subspecies had no horn.
Animal Info: Javan Rhino (hits:97)
Biology, ecology, habitat, and status of the Javan Rhino and information on their native countries: biodiversity, ecosystems & population.
[w] http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/rhinsond.htm
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Arkive - Javan Rhino (hits:70)
the Javan Rhino on ARKive, a unique collection of thousands of videos, images and fact-files illustrating the world's species to save their digital footprint for future generations.
[w] http://www.arkive.org/javan-rhinoceros/rhinoceros-sondaicus/
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WWF: Javan Rhino Info (hits:98)
Extensive information by the World Wildlife Fund on the Javan Rhino. Covers physiology, threats, habitat and much more.
[w] http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/species/about_spec...dex.cfm
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