Reference Base Notes for: Morphology back to search page Sort order: ------------------- Date ASC Author normal    (20) 1 2 3 4 5 ...   Edwards, J. 1996 London Zoo from old photographs 1852-1914. London, Edwards, pp. 1-244 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Morphology - Size Indian Rhino London Zoo, male Jim, 1860's, height 5 ft 4 in   details Edwards, J. 1996 London Zoo from old photographs 1852-1914. London, Edwards, pp. 1-244 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Morphology - Size Indian Rhino London Zoo, female, Miss Bet, ca. 1870, horn sawn off by Bartlett: weighs 11 lbs.   details Endo, H.; Yamada, T.K.; Nakamuta, N.; Tanemura, K.; Kurohmaru, M.; Hayashi, Y. 1996 Testicular morphology of a Greater Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 58 (10): 937-940, figs. 1-7 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology - Size Indian Rhino A 42-year old male in Tokyo Tama Zoo, died, weighed approx. 2000 kg   details Corcoran. L.; Wildlife Conservation Society 1996 Second generation Indian rhino born. AZA Communique August: 20, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - North America Morphology - Size Indian Rhino New York Zoo. At birth 120 pounds, after five months 520 pounds.   details Clarbrough, M.L. 1996 Ujung Kulon National Park: handbook. Ministry of Forests, Indonesia, pp. 1-74 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Size Javan Rhino Height at shoulder around 150 cm   details Clarbrough, M.L. 1996 Ujung Kulon National Park: handbook. Ministry of Forests, Indonesia, pp. 1-74 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Size Javan Rhino Length of body over 3 metres   details Edwards, J. 1996 London Zoo from old photographs 1852-1914. London, Edwards, pp. 1-244 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Morphology - Size Indian Rhino London Zoo, female, Miss Bet, ca. 1870. horn sawn off by Bartlett, 15 inch in length, 38.1 cm; weighs 11 lbs.   details Walker, C.H. 1996 Signs of the wild: a field guide to the spoor & signs of the mammals of Southern Africa, 5th ed. Cape Town, Struik, pp. 1-215 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Morphology African Rhino Species No details available yet   details Rhino & Elephant Foundation 1995 Turning back from the edge of extinction?. REF News no. 13: 2 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species The discovery fails to help explain why rhinos have horns! Self-defence against predators is not a use because an aduit's size - one tonne and 1.6m at the shoulder - is deterrent enough. What scientists do know is that horns are used with great effect when rhinos kill each other in territorial ...   details Bonal, B.S.; Sharma, R.; Barthakur, T.; Barua, B.; Das, D.C.; Boro, S. 1995 Birth of a female Indian rhino calf in Assam State Zoo. Zoos Print 10 (9): 28-29, figs. 1-2, tables 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Ear length at birth 17 cm, Gauhati, 1995, female   details Bordoloi, C.C.; Baishya, G. 1995 A note on microscopic anatomy of the skin of great Indian rhino calf (Rhinoceros unicornis). Indian Veterinary Journal 72 (April): 397-399, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Indian Rhino Rhinoceros unicornis. Presence noted.   details Bordoloi, C.C.; Baishya, G. 1995 A note on microscopic anatomy of the skin of great Indian rhino calf (Rhinoceros unicornis). Indian Veterinary Journal 72 (April): 397-399, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology Indian Rhino One year old male. [Skin from head and facial regions] Skin consists of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers. The microscopic ridges and folds of skin similar to Black Rhino. Average thickness, skin 2486.0 m 2cm in black rhino epidermis 338.8 m dermis ...   details Lindeque, M.; Erb, K.P. 1995 Research on the effects of temporary horn removal on black rhinos in Namibia. Pachyderm 20: 27-30, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Morphology - Size Black Rhino Horn growth in females dehorned in Kunene, Namibia - average horn lengths in cm 1989 0 cm 1990 6.4 cm 1991 12.8 cm 1992 19.2 cm 1993 25.6 cm 1994 32.0 cm   details Bist, S.S. 1995 Population history of Great Indian rhinoceros in North Bengal and major factors influencing the same: pp. 75-84, maps 1-2, tables 1-28 In: Molur, S. et al. Report: Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) Workshop, Great Indian one-horned rhinoceros, Jaldapara, 1993. Coimbatore, CBSG India Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - West Bengal Morphology - Size Indian Rhino West Bengal wild populations, Classification of age classes: Height <120 cm calf Height 120-135 cm juvenile Height 135-160 cm sub-adult   details Bonal, B.S.; Sharma, R.; Barthakur, T.; Barua, B.; Das, D.C.; Boro, S. 1995 Birth of a female Indian rhino calf in Assam State Zoo. Zoos Print 10 (9): 28-29, figs. 1-2, tables 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Gauhati Zoo, 1996, female calf length height girth tail ear in cm 1 day 114 64 104 26 17 1 week 114 64 116 27 18 2 weeks 133 69 121 27 18 3 weeks 135 71 122 28 19 4 weeks 140 72 124 28 20 5 weeks 153 77 137 29 ...   details Bonal, B.S.; Sharma, R.; Barthakur, T.; Barua, B.; Das, D.C.; Boro, S. 1995 Birth of a female Indian rhino calf in Assam State Zoo. Zoos Print 10 (9): 28-29, figs. 1-2, tables 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Tail length at birth 26 cm, Gauhati, 1995, female   details Bonal, B.S.; Sharma, R.; Barthakur, T.; Barua, B.; Das, D.C.; Boro, S. 1995 Birth of a female Indian rhino calf in Assam State Zoo. Zoos Print 10 (9): 28-29, figs. 1-2, tables 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Height at birth 64 cm, Gauhati, 1995, female   details Foose, T.J.; Strien, N.J. van 1995 Country reports. Asian Rhinos 1: 10-11 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - East Asia - Vietnam Morphology - Size Javan Rhino Cat Loc, Vietnam, 1993. The majority of the footprints detected were small, 14 out of 19 are less than 25 cm in diameter, and would be from young animals, less than two years of age, if produced by Javan Rhino. Only two tracks of adult Javan Rhino size were discovered (30 cm).   details Bonal, B.S.; Sharma, R.; Barthakur, T.; Barua, B.; Das, D.C.; Boro, S. 1995 Birth of a female Indian rhino calf in Assam State Zoo. Zoos Print 10 (9): 28-29, figs. 1-2, tables 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Circumference at birth 104 cm, Gauhati, 1995, female   details Bordoloi, C.C.; Borthakur, S.; Talukdar, S.R.; Kalita, S.N.; Baishya, G.; Kalita, H. 1995 Mandible of the great Indian one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Indian Veterinary Journal 72 (August): 838-842, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Morphology - Skull Indian Rhino Rhinoceros unicornis, Kaziranga, Assam, India. The mandible is the largest bone of the skull. It consists of two symmetrical halves which ossified at the body, both in adult and in young. The two halves ossified at the symphysis mandible. The lingual surface was wide, smooth and lightly concav...   details Bordoloi, C.C.; Borthakur, S.; Talukdar, S.R.; Kalita, S.N.; Baishya, G.; Kalita, H. 1995 Mandible of the great Indian one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Indian Veterinary Journal 72 (August): 838-842, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Morphology - Skull Indian Rhino Rhinoceros unicornis, Kaziranga, Assam, India (n=7). The skull has the form of an irregular triangle, the base of which is caudal. Dorsal surface, is formed by occipital, interparietal, parietal, frontal and nasal bones. Interparietal bone was fused in adults. The dorsal surface wasdivided in...   details Basel Zoo; Tobler, K. 1995 International studbook for the Great Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), eighth edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. i-v, 1-23, i-vi Location: Subject: Species: Captive - North America Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Weight at birth 56.7 kg, Female, Los Angeles 1982   details Basel Zoo; Tobler, K. 1995 International studbook for the Great Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), eighth edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. i-v, 1-23, i-vi Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Weight at birth 66.0 kg, Female, Basel 1988   details Bonal, B.S.; Sharma, R.; Barthakur, T.; Barua, B.; Das, D.C.; Boro, S. 1995 Birth of a female Indian rhino calf in Assam State Zoo. Zoos Print 10 (9): 28-29, figs. 1-2, tables 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Length at birth 114 cm, Gauhati, 1995, with tail, female   details Groves, C.P. 1995 A comment on Haryono et al.'s Report. Asian Rhinos 2: 9 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Java Morphology - Size Javan Rhino Schenkel & Schenkel-Hulliger assigned age/sex categories to the Ujung Kulon rhinos using Indian Rhino standards. This was of course a 'faut de mieux' strategy, and I have never been entirely convinced about it. The biggest Javan rhinos would be about equivalent in size to Indian females (about ...   details Basel Zoo; Tobler, K. 1995 International studbook for the Great Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), eighth edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. i-v, 1-23, i-vi Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Weight at birth 77.0 kg, Male, Basel 1984   details Baur, B.; Studer, P. 1995 Inbreeding in captive Indian rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis. International Zoo Yearbook 34: 205-211, figs. 1-2, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Captive Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Captive population. Birth weight is important for juvenile survival. Mean birth weight of calves that did not survive 6 months: 54.9 ? 2.6 kg, range 51-57 kg, n=18 (t=4.12, P<0.001) Mean birth weight of calves that did survive: 67.4 ? 5.9 kg, range 59-79 kg, n=18 (t=4.12, P<0.001) Inbred ...   details Basel Zoo; Tobler, K. 1995 International studbook for the Great Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), eighth edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. i-v, 1-23, i-vi Location: Subject: Species: Captive - North America Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Weight at birth 56.25 kg, Female, Philadelphia 1984   details Ahmad, A.H. 1995 Tinjauan Badak Sumatera di rezab hidupan liar tabin, Lahad Datu, Sabah. Unpublished report to IRF: pp. 1-7 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia - Sabah Morphology Sumatran Rhino No details available yet   details Daniel, J.C.; Adam, M.; Van Orden, A.C. 1995 Keratin structures of Ceratotherium. Regional Conference Proceedings of the AZA 1995: 537-541, 2 figures (8 plates) Location: Subject: Species: America - North America Morphology - Horn White Rhino No details available yet   details Wucher, M. 1994 A technique for making dental impressions and casts of immobilised black rhinoceros (Diceros bicorns) and white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum): pp. 164-167, figs. 1-2 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Skull African Rhino Species Dental impressions - techniques. Abstract - A technique is described for taking dental impressions of immobilised black and white rhinoceros. The resulting casts can be used to assess accurately the age of animals by using existing criteria. The technique involves using a gag to gain access to...   details Geldenhuys, L.J. 1994 Dehorning black rhino: the Namibian experience: pp. 48-49 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Namibia - horn shape. A rhino horn has a concave base where it fits over the nasal bones. This is especially marked with the anterior horn. This necessitates removing the anterior horn 6,5 cm from its base and the posterior horn 5 cm from its base.   details Hattingh, J.; Knox, C.M.; Raath, J.P. 1994 Arterial blood pressure and blood gas composition of white rhinoceroses under etorphine anaesthesia. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 24 (1/2): 12-14, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Morphology - Size White Rhino Translocation in Kruger NP. The animals were not weighed but body masses were estimated at about 1600 kg.   details Sewandono, I. 1994 Adeldom en de Indische neushoorn. Nederlands Juristenblad 69 (14): 476-478 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Indian Rhino It is with the indonesian gentry like with the Indian rhinoceros. For 300 years people in Europe thought that the animal had a second horn on the back. Even though living rhinos were brought to these regions, the image remained that presented in the drawing by D?rer of 1515.   details Morkel, P. 1994 Chemical immobilization of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis): pp. 128-135 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Size Black Rhino Adult black rhino weight up to 1300 kg,   details Geldenhuys, L.J. 1994 Dehorning black rhino: the Namibian experience: pp. 48-49 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Namibia - horn shape. A rhino horn has a concave base where it fits over the nasal bones. This is especially marked with the anterior horn. This necessitates removing the anterior horn 6,5 cm from its base and the posterior horn 5 cm from its base.   details Bertschinger, H.J. 1994 Reproduction in black and white rhinos: a review: pp. 155-161, fig.1 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Morphology - Size Black Rhino Birth mass of black rhinos is as little as 20 kg in zoos, with one calf recorded at 38 kg. A birth mass of 40 kg is given for black rhino in the Natal Parks.   details Bertschinger, H.J. 1994 Reproduction in black and white rhinos: a review: pp. 155-161, fig.1 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Size White Rhino Weight at birth 40 kg   details Morkel, P. 1994 Chemical immobilization of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis): pp. 128-135 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Size Black Rhino Height 1.6 m at shoulder   details Morkel, P. 1994 Chemical immobilization of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis): pp. 128-135 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Size Black Rhino They have a thick skin (up to 32mm).   details Bales, G.S. 1994 Skull evolution in living and fossil rhinoceroses: morphometric analyses of within and between group variation. Journal of Morphology 220 (3): 322-323 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Skull All Rhino Species Rhinoceroses comprise a long-lived and once diverse group with a relatively large fossil record and a few surviving taxa. Skull evolution was studied using living analogues as gauges of intraspecific variation. Analyses were done on 15 extinct and 4 extant genera using 19 measurements of adult cr...   details Maluf, N.S.R. 1994 Further studies on the kidney of the hook-lipped African rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis. Anatomical Record 238: 38-48, figs. 1-14 Location: Subject: Species: Africa Morphology Black Rhino No details available yet   details Holeckova, D. 1994 How much does a rhino weigh?. Annual Report, Dvur Kralove Zoological Garden 1994: 57-64, figs. 1-4, tables 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Chun-Hsin Lee 1994 The rhinoceros horn: myths, facts and future. Journal of Chinese Medicine 5 (2): 79-93 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - East Asia Morphology All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Nath, N.C.; Hussain, A.; Rahman, F. 1993 Milk characteristics of a captive Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24: 528-533, fig. 1, tables 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Circumference at birth 97 cm, Gauhati 1989, male   details Nath, N.C.; Hussain, A.; Rahman, F. 1993 Milk characteristics of a captive Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24: 528-533, fig. 1, tables 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Height at birth 66 cm, Gauhati 1989, male   details Bordoloi, C.C.; Kalita, H.C.; Kalita, S.N.; Baishya, G. 1993 Scapula of the Great Indian rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis). Indian Veterinary Journal 70 (June): 540-542 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Morphology - Skeleton Indian Rhino Rhinoceros unicornis, Kaziranga, Assam, India. The scapula is a well-developed but less triangular flat bone. It is placed obliquely downward and forward on the anterolateral aspect of the thoracic cavity. It presents two surfaces, three borders and three angles. The lateral surface is divide...   details Anonymous 1993 Hoera, het is een meisje!. Zoo Anvers 58 (3): 10-11 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Weight at birth 65 kg, Female, Antwerp 1992   details Nath, N.C.; Hussain, A.; Rahman, F. 1993 Milk characteristics of a captive Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24: 528-533, fig. 1, tables 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology - Size Indian Rhino Length at birth 105 cm, Gauhati, 1989, male   details Maluf, N.S.R. 1993 Kidney of the Sumatran rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis. Journal of Morphology 218: 333-345, figs. 1-17, tables 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: Asia Morphology Sumatran Rhino No details available yet   details Pienaar, D.J.; Hall-Martin, A. 1993 A method of calculating anterior horn mass in South African rhinoceroses. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 23 (3): 82-86, figs. 1-10 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Morphology African Rhino Species No details available yet   details Anonymous 1992 Rhinos of the world. REF News no. 8: 2-3, figs. 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Javan Rhino The Javan rhino has a scaly skin with a mosaic appearance, folds on the neck and folds on the shoulders which are joined in the midline of the back giving the body a segmented look, rather like a scaly anteater.   details Anonymous 1992 Rhinos of the world. REF News no. 8: 2-3, figs. 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Sumatran Rhino The skin is knobbly giving the animal a tough, 'riveted' appearance, yet still as soft and penetrable as any other hide.   details Anonymous 1992 Rhinos of the world. REF News no. 8: 2-3, figs. 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Javan Rhino The Javan rhino has a scaly skin with a mosaic appearance, folds on the neck and folds on the shoulders which are joined in the midline of the back giving the body a segmented look, rather like a scaly anteater.   details Anonymous 1992 Rhinos of the world. REF News no. 8: 2-3, figs. 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Sumatran Rhino The skin is knobbly giving the animal a tough, 'riveted' appearance, yet still as soft and penetrable as any other hide.   details Anonymous 1992 Rhinos of the world. REF News no. 8: 2-3, figs. 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino A small horn is found exclusively in males while females have only a small knob.   details Anonymous 1992 Rhinos of the world. REF News no. 8: 2-3, figs. 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino A small horn is found exclusively in males while females have only a small knob.   details Alexander, R.McN.; Pond, C.M. 1992 Locomotion and bone strength of the white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum. Journal of Zoology, London 227: 63-69, fig. 1, tables 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Size White Rhino Ceratotherium simum - 2 year old female in zoo. We were unable to weigh the carcass on account of its size, but the zoo staff who had attended the animal estimated her mass as 700-800 kg. The following argument tends to confirm their estimate. The unskinned carcass was 2.76 m long from the upp...   details Anonymous 1992 Rhino orphan makes history. REF News no. 8: 3, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Morphology - Size Black Rhino Diceros bicornis born at Lapalala weighed 21 kg. Thought to be about a week premature. After 5 weeks weighed 37 kg.   details Shadwick, R.E.; Russell, A.P.; Lauff, R.F. 1992 The structure and mechanical design of rhinoceros dermal armour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Biological Sciences) 337: 419-428, figs. 1-11 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Vidyadaran, M.K.; Rozyati, T.H.; Richard, X.M.; Zainuddin, Z.Z.; Tajuddin, M.A. 1992 The cervical vertebrae of the Sumatran Rhinoceros ( Dicerorhinus sumatrensis sumatrensis). Malayan Nature Journal 46: 53-63 Location: Subject: Species: Asia Morphology Sumatran Rhino No details available yet   details Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Gottelli, P. 1991 Threats to Aberdare rhinos: predation versus poaching. Pachyderm 14: 37-38 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Morphology Black Rhino Kenya, Aberdares. Four out of nine individually recognizable calves ohserved in the Salient had scars on flanks or hind legs and one had neither ears nor tail (Table). Earlessness (i.e. lack of pinnae) in the black rhino has been reported from a number of populations in southern and eastern Afr...   details Shadwick, R.E.; Russell, A.P.; Lauff, R.F. 1991 Structure and mechanical design of white rhino dermal armor. American Zoologist 31 (5): 54A Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino The collagenous dermis of the white rhino forms a thick, protective armor that is highly specialized in its structure and material properties when compared to other mammalian skin. Rhinoceros skin is three times thicker than predicted allometrically, and it contains a dense and highly ordered 3-...   details Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Gottelli, P. 1991 Threats to Aberdare rhinos: predation versus poaching. Pachyderm 14: 37-38 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Morphology Black Rhino Kenya, Aberdares. Four out of nine individually recognizable calves ohserved in the Salient had scars on flanks or hind legs and one had neither ears nor tail (Table). Earlessness (i.e. lack of pinnae) in the black rhino has been reported from a number of populations in southern and eastern Afr...   details Shadwick, R.E.; Russell, A.P.; Lauff, R.F. 1991 Structure and mechanical design of white rhino dermal armor. American Zoologist 31 (5): 54A Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino The collagenous dermis of the white rhino forms a thick, protective armor that is highly specialized in its structure and material properties when compared to other mammalian skin. Rhinoceros skin is three times thicker than predicted allometrically, and it contains a dense and highly ordered 3-...   details Spinage, C.A. 1991 Vesey's horn. Pachyderm 15: 57, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Size Black Rhino Few people are aware that Kenya's Game Department appointed a wildlife biologist as early as 1948. This was the late Desmond Vesey-Fitzgerald, universally known as 'Vesey', whose first assignment was to have been a vegetation survey of the Tsavo National Park. What a calamity that it never took...   details Godfrey, R.W.; Pope, C.E.; Dresser, B.L.; Olsen, J.H. 1991 Gross anatomy of the reproductive tract of female black (Diceros bicornis michaeli) and white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). Zoo Biology 10: 165-175, figs. 1-5, tables 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Africa Morphology African Rhino Species No details available yet   details Maluf, N.S.R. 1991 Renal morphology of the hook-lipped African rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis, Linnaeus. American Journal of Anatomy 190: 245-265, figs. 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: Africa Morphology Black Rhino No details available yet   details Pienaar, D.J.; Hall-Martin, A.; Hitchins, P.M. 1991 Horn growth rates of free-ranging white and black rhinoceros. Koedoe 34 (2): 97-105, figs. 1-2, tables 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Morphology African Rhino Species No details available yet   details Kemnitz, P.; Puschmann, W.; Schroepel, M.; Krause, D.; Schoening, R. 1991 Feingewebliche Untersuchungen zur Struktur und Ontogenese des Hornes von Nashoernern, Rhinocerotidae: ein Atlas mit neuen Ansichten auf und uber ein altes Problem. Zoologische Garten 61 (3): 177-199, figs. 1-29 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Boulay, G.H. du 1991 A note on the cerebral arteries of Perissodactyla: the rete caroticum of Diceros bicornis. Neuroradiology 33 [Suppl]: 462-463 Location: Subject: Species: Africa Morphology Black Rhino No details available yet   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino The colour of the skin is grey, but like that of the elephant. is often obscured by a coating of soil or mud. At birth the wrinkled skin is pale grey with a pink tinge.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino wide squared-off lips. The lower lip has a hard surface; the upper is sensitive and soft which allows the individual to detect and then crop grass to within 10 mm of the ground.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Black Rhino The folding of the skin is confined to an area above the knees, on the front limbs, across the nape behind the ears and on the flanks.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Black Rhino In overall colour they are dark grey. Like the elephant and the white rhinoceros, they tend to take on the colour of the ground on which they live, through their habit of wallowing in mud and dusting themselves after bathing.   details Chilvers, B. 1990 Rhino's last stand in Africa. REF Journal 3: 12-19, figs. 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species Rhino horn is really just a dense mass of compacted hair - not unlike the keratin of a buffalo hoof - that polishes up nicely. (lnterestingly, the age or sex of rhino cannot be estimated by horn size.)   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Black Rhino At birth calves are lighter in colour than adults and are sparsely haired.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino The thick skin is prominently folded on the front of the shoulders, on the upper part of the hind limbs and at the junction of the forelimbs and the body.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino The thick skin is prominently folded on the front of the shoulders, on the upper part of the hind limbs and at the junction of the forelimbs and the body.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino The skin on the body appears naked, but at close quarters is seen to have a sparse coating of bristly hairs.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino They have a barrel shaped body and short, thick-set limbs. The limbs have three digits, each armed with broad, stout nails, which mark clearly in the spoor. The front feet are slightly larger than the hind. However, there is a less marked difference between them than in the black rhinoceros. ...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn White Rhino The horns, which are composed of a mass of tubular filaments similar in substance to hair, are outgrowths of the skin and are not attached to the bone of the skull. The front is almost invariably longer than the hind, 1,58 m being the record length of a front horn from the Subregion (Best & Best...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino At that time no European was aware that two species occurred in Africa and this species did not have a distinguishing name. Names differentiating the two species must have come into use towards the end of the 18th century, when the hunters and pioneers entered the area north of the Orange River ...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino The colloquial name white rhinoceros is entrenched and originates from the name given to them by the early Dutch hunters, witte renoster, or in Afrikaans witrenoster, which was used to distinguish them from the black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis. Barrow (1801/4), Harris (1852) and Selous (1908) ...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino Characteristic features include the long head with long, continually growing horns.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Black Rhino The skin is thick, with a sparse scattering of hairs.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Black Rhino The skin is thick, with a sparse scattering of hairs. They have eyelashes and hairy fringes to the ears and the end of the tail.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino pointed ears fringed with hair   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino Characteristic features include the long head with long, continually growing horns.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Skull Black Rhino While ancestral forms of rhinoceros possessed cutting incisor teeth and, in some, canines, these are absent in the black rhinoceros whose dental formula is: I 0/0, C 0/0, P 3/3, m 3/3 = 24 The premolar teeth are molariform, all the cheekteeth being broad-faced and adapted to grinding up the food.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino The skin on the body appears naked, but at close quarters is seen to have a sparse coating of bristly hairs.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino The colour of the skin is grey, but like that of the elephant. is often obscured by a coating of soil or mud. At birth the wrinkled skin is pale grey with a pink tinge.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino The colloquial name white rhinoceros is entrenched and originates from the name given to them by the early Dutch hunters, witte renoster, or in Afrikaans witrenoster, which was used to distinguish them from the black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis. Barrow (1801/4), Harris (1852) and Selous (1908) ...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino At that time no European was aware that two species occurred in Africa and this species did not have a distinguishing name. Names differentiating the two species must have come into use towards the end of the 18th century, when the hunters and pioneers entered the area north of the Orange River ...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino Thick skin. The skin may reach a thickness of about 20 mm on the shoulders. The thick dermis covered with a thin laser of epidermis barely 1 mm thick. Scattered over the surface of the skin are sweat glands which, when the individual is under stress, exude droplets of sweat. Underlying the ski...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology White Rhino The tail is relatively short, in adults up to about 1,0 m, and has a sparse fringe of bristly hair.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Black Rhino The limbs have three digits each, with broad, stout nails which mark clearly in the spoor. The front feet are larger than the hind as they have to carry the great mass of the huge shoulders, neck and head. The cushioned pads on the soles of the feet have a hard surface with a mosaic of irregula...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Black Rhino Some characteristic features which serve to distinguish them from their near relative, the white rhinoceros, Ceratotheriurn simum, include their possession of a prehensile upper lip (Fig. 296.1), which is used in grasping the twigs of the woody plants on which they feed,   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Black Rhino The horns are composed of a mass of tubular filaments, similar in substance to hair. They grow from the skin and are not attached to the underlying bone, but the bony surface of the skull is rugose under the bases of the horns to allow a firm attachment of the skin to the skull in these areas. ...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology Black Rhino In overall colour they are dark grey. Like the elephant and the white rhinoceros, they tend to take on the colour of the ground on which they live, through their habit of wallowing in mud and dusting themselves after bathing.   details back to search page Sort order: ------------------- Date ASC Author normal    (20) 1 2 3 4 5 ...