File AvailableGripper, J. 2000 [Various notes]. Sebakwe News 2000 September
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Black Rhino
We were all surprised when Tapiwa on Bemthree had another calf during May 2000. She is only nine years old and had Tafarai, her first calf in May 1998, just two years previously. We are pretty sure that the father ia again Tangarira, who although 32 years old, successfully fought off a male bla...
  details

File AvailableFraedrich, H. 2000 Zoo Berlin, Jahresbericht fur 1999. Bongo, Berlin 30: 135-210
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction - Management methods
White Rhino
Berlin ZooThe male Hlambamans was aneasthized by the IZW-Team to take sperm, to fertilize a female living in Schwerin.
  details

File AvailableLewa Wildlife Conservancy 2000 [Notes]. Newsletter Lewa Wildlife Conservancy no. 9
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya
Reproduction
Black Rhino
The breeding performance of black rhino has improved after several years of sluggish performance. The females are now conceiving 8 to 12 months after calving, giving them an inter-calving interval of just over two years, which is comparable to other top-producing rhino sanctuaries in Africa. Pr...
  details

Driver, S. 2000 Orana wildlife park, Christchurch, New Zealand. International Zoo News 47 (1): 55-56
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Australia
Reproduction
White Rhino
Christchurch Zoo - Mother nudged the calf to its feet within the hour.
  details

File AvailableMuehling, P. 2000 Nuremberg, Germany. EAZA News 29: 16
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
Time of Day 16: 17 h, Nuremberg, 1999
  details

File AvailableHoleckova, D.; Tomasova, K. 2000 Birth of northern white rhino in Dvur Kralove. EAZA News 32: 19, fig. 1
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
White Rhino
Birth time: 0230 am, in Dvur Kralove, 2000
  details

File AvailableRatajszczak, R. 2000 Poznan - Poland. EAZA News 31: 15
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
White Rhino
Poznan Zoo. Birth took place in the early hours and lasted about 15 minutes.
  details

File AvailableGripper, J. 2000 [Various notes]. Sebakwe News 2000 September
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Black Rhino
We were all surprised when Tapiwa on Bemthree had another calf during May 2000. She is only nine years old and had Tafarai, her first calf in May 1998, just two years previously.
  details

File AvailableMkenda, E.; Butchart, D. 2000 Notes on the status of black rhino in the Ngorongoro Crater. CCA Ecological Journal 2: 68-69
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania
Reproduction
Black Rhino
Ngorongoro, Tanzania. A pair of Black Rhino were seen mating at 11h00 on 15/2/99 near the Ngoitoktok Marsh; the male stayed on top of the female for about ten minutes. in two sessions.
  details

File AvailableRatajszczak, R. 2000 Poznan - Poland. EAZA News 31: 15
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
White Rhino
Poznan Zoo. Male was just over 4 ? years of age when he sired first offspring.
  details

Driver, S. 2000 Orana wildlife park, Christchurch, New Zealand. International Zoo News 47 (1): 55-56
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Australia
Reproduction
White Rhino
Christchurch Zoo. The birth was very quick, with the calf on the ground by the time staff reached her.
  details

File AvailableMuehling, P. 2000 Nuremberg, Germany. EAZA News 29: 16
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
Nuremberg 1999. The calf was on his feet within half an hour after delivery, and was observed suckling for the first time 4 hours after birth.
  details

File AvailableRatajszczak, R. 2000 Poznan - Poland. EAZA News 31: 15
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
White Rhino
Poznan Zoo. The calf was on her feet and suckled for the first time one hour after delivery.
  details

File AvailableYadav, V.K. 2000 Male-male aggression in Rhinoceros unicornis - case study from North Bengal, India. Indian Forester 126 (10): 1030-1034
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Asia - South Asia - India - Assam
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
Dominant adult male tries to establish its supremacy by show of strength with other adult males for mating with females in oestrus.
  details

File AvailableWalzer, C.; Pucher, H.; Schwarzenberger, F. 2000 A restraint chute for semen collection in white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) - preliminary results. Proceedings of the European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians 2000: S7-S10, fig. 1
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailablePfeiffer, S. 2000 Documentation of the hormonal cycle of female black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) using ultrasonic diagnosis and subsequent computational analysis. EEP Research Group Newsletter 7: 64-65
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableHermes, R.; Hildebrandt, T.B.; Schwarzenberger, F.; Walzer, C.; Goeltenboth, R.; Schneider, M.; Schnorrenberg, A.; Goeritz, F. 2000 Development of an artificial insemination technique in the African rhinoceros. Proceedings of the European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians 2000: 139-141
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
African Rhino Species
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableO'Brien, J.K.; Roth, T.L. 2000 Post-coital sperm recovery and cryopreservation in the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) and application to gamete rescue in the African black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 118 (2): 263-271, figs. 1-2, tables 1-3
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Asia
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableKretzschmar, P.; Ganslosser, U.; Rohleder, M.; Dehnhardt, M. 2000 Non-invasive testosterone measurement reveal seasonality in males of free living white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum simum. Advances in Ethology 35: 92
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableRoth, T.L.; O'Brien, J.K. 2000 Ultrasonographic characterization of unique follicular dynamics and associated estrogen production in an Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Biology of Reproduction 62 (Suppl. 1): 290
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Asia
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableStrien, N.J. van 2000 Seasonality in breeding in Sumatran rhino?, pp. 57-59

In: Adi, M. et al. Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, Way Kambas National Park - Curators report 1999. Way Kambas, SRS: pp. 1-59
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Asia - South East Asia
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
Finds that mating in Sumatra occurs mainly in July-September which coincides with the season of least rainfall
  details

File AvailableRandle, H.D.; Kiley-Worthington, M. 2000 An example of changing management to facilitate successful breeding in a group of semi-intensively kept black rhino (Diceros bicornis). Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Symposium on Zoo Research, 6-7 July 2000, Paignton Zoo: pp. 73-82
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive
Reproduction
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableRosnina, Y.; Choong, S.S.; Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari; Wahid, H.; Aidi, M.; Yap, K.C. 2000 Correlation between vaginal cytology and serum progesterone in Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). UPM Research Report 1997-2000, Section 2-Extended Abstracts: 204-205
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableChoong, S.S.; Rosnina, Y.; Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari; Wahid, H. 2000 A preliminary study on exfoliative vaginal cytology in captive Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). UPM Research Report 1997-2000, Section 2-Extended Abstracts: 37
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableShaffstall, W. 2000 An overview of training staff and rhinoceros for ultrasonography procedures. Animal Keeper's Forum 27 (9): 396-401, 3 figures
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableKretzschmar, P.; Ganslosser, U.; Jewgenow, K.; Dehnhard, M. 2000 Non-invasive measurement of faecal testosterone metabolites revealed seasonality in free living White rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum simum. Advances in Ethology 35, Supplements : 92
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableVerberkmoes, H. 1999 Hilvarenbeek, The Netherlands. EAZA News 25: 17
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
White Rhino
Gestation period 511 days, 1999, Hilvarenbeek
  details

File AvailableLubbe, K.; Smith, R.L.; Bartels, P.; Godke, R.A. 1999 Freezing epididymal sperm from white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) treated with different cryodiluents. Johannesburg, Wildlife Breeding Resource Centre, poster presentation, 1
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
Testes were collected from 2 hunted rhinoceros bulls in Tswalu Desert Reserve in the Kalahari. One was breeding, the other non-breeding. Testes were collected 1 hour after death, transported on ice, and processing began 3 hours thereafter. Sperm were frozen in 0.25 ml straws at 150 million spe...
  details

File AvailableLewa Wildlife Conservancy 1999 [Notes]. Newsletter Lewa Wildlife Conservancy no. 8
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya
Reproduction
Black Rhino
The other mother is Juniper, who was born on Lewa and is 11 years old. This is her second calf, after an interval of 3 years.
  details

File AvailableAnonymous 1999 Black rhino cow dies, but her legacy lives on. SA Game and Hunt 5 (11): 25
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Reproduction - Management methods
White Rhino
Female died in Pilanesberg. Her ovaries were removed soon after her death and transported back to EWT's Wildlife Breeding Resource centre, where they underwent various procedures to remove the eggcells still trapped inside them. Eggcells were removed and cultured before undergoing in vitro fert...
  details

File AvailableBasel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1999 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 10th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-50
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
oestrous cycle 36 to 58 days.
  details

File AvailableLewa Wildlife Conservancy 1999 [Notes]. Newsletter Lewa Wildlife Conservancy no. 8
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya
Reproduction
White Rhino
Also 2 baby white rhino. A surprise was in late July calf born to Jessima, the first of our second generation white rhinos to calve. She was only 5 years 3 months old.
  details

File AvailableBasel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1999 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 10th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-50
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
young mother:209, 4 yrs 77 days
  details

File AvailableBasel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1999 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 10th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-50
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
Earliest reproduction in female, 4 yrs 77 days.
  details

File AvailableFraedrich, H. 1999 Zoo Berlin, Jahresbericht fur 1998. Bongo, Berlin 29: 119-177
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction - Management methods
Black Rhino
Zoo Berlin, Male 'Kibo', 35 years old, Diceros bicornis. He was unable to mate with a female. We therefore tried to collected semen from him by electroejaculation and to preserve them. Although this method is used for many zoo animals, it usually fails in black rhino. The animal was anesthiz...
  details

File AvailableWagner, D.C.; Edwards, M.S. 1999 Handrearing of black and white rhinoceroses: a comparison. Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Keepers 26: 10-28, tables 1-3, charts 1-2
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
African Rhino Species
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableLion, D. 1999 Etude de la reproduction du rhinoceros blanc (Ceratotherium simum): determination de la periode d'oestrous de la femelle a partir d'observations comportementales et physiologiques. Lille, Universite de Lille I. Rapport de stage, pp. 1-55
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableRoth, T.L.; Brown, J.L. 1999 Is there any rhyme or reason to rhinoceros reproduction? - a summary of reproductive characteristics, species-specificities and challenges for the future. Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians 1999: 97-99
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableSchwarzenberger, F.; Walzer, C.; Tomasova, K.; Zima, J.; Goeritz, F.; Hermes, R.; Hildebrandt, T.B. 1999 Can the problems associated with the low reproductive rate in captive white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) be solved within the next 5 years?. Verhandlungsbericht des Internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zootiere 39: 283-289
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
The reproductive rate of the white rhinoceros in captivity is very low and >50% of animals are >20 years of age. At a recent IRF (International Rhino Foundation) workshop reproductive problems have been defined as 1) acyclicity and variable oestrous cycle length of 35 or 70 days, 2) mating ...
  details

File AvailablePatton, M.L.; Swaisgood, R.R.; Czekala, N.M.; White, A.M.; Fetter, G.A.; Montagne, J.P.; Rieches, R.G.; Lance, V.A. 1999 Reproductive cycle length and pregnancy in the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) as determined by fecal pregnane analysis and observations of mating behavior. Zoo Biology 18 (2): 111-127, figs. 1-4, tables 1-2
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableRoth, T.L.; Swanson, W.F.; Blattman, L.K. 1999 Seventh world conference on breeding endangered species: linking zoo and field research to advance conservation. Cincinnati, Zoo
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableLubbe, K.; Smith, R.L.; Bartels, P.; Godke, R.A. 1999 Freezing epididymal sperm from white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) treated with different cryodiluents. Theriogenology 51 (1): 288
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableMehrdadfar, F.; Barthel, T.; Blue, D.; Corcoran, M.; Corey, L.; Flinkman, D.; Gerstin, J.; Grant, J.; Leonard, I.; Sawyer, V.; Rhino Keeper Workshop; Yang, A. 1999 Proceedings of the First Rhino Keepers' workshop 1999, sponsored by Disney's Animal Kingdom. [No place], Rhino Keepers Workshop
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableRadcliffe, R.W. 1999 Reproductive management of the captive rhinoceros: pp. 52-58

In: Mehrdadfar, F. et al. Proceedings of the First Rhino Keepers' workshop 1999, sponsored by Disney's Animal Kingdom. [No place], Rhino Keepers Workshop
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableMacInninch, M.D.; Bellem, A.C.; Macdonald, S.E.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Graham, L.H.; Brown, J.L.; Roth, T.L. 1999 Monitoring fecal progestogen metabolites in the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) by enzyme immunoassay: p. 266

In: Roth, T.L. et al. Seventh world conference on breeding endangered species: linking zoo and field research to advance conservation. Cincinnati, Zoo
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableMylniczenko, N.D. 1999 Detection of reproductive behavior in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli). Animal Keeper's Forum 26 (11): 440-448, 1 table, 1 figure, 2 charts
Location:
Subject:
Species:
America - North America
Reproduction - Management methods
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableWagner, D.C.; Edwards, M.S. 1999 Hand-rearing Black and White rhinoceroses: A comparison. Proceedings of the 26th National Conference of the American Association of Zoo Keeper's Inc. Portland, Oregon, September 12-16: 19-28, 2 tables, 2 charts
Location:
Subject:
Species:
America - North America
Reproduction - Management methods
African Rhino Species
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableSchaffer, N.E. 1999 Sumatran rhinoceros: reproductive data 1991-1999 (with updates and addenda). SOS Rhino, pp. 1-78 (revised 2018)
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Asia - South East Asia
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableAdcock, K.; Hansen, H.; Lindemann, H. 1998 Lessons from the introduced black rhino population in Pilanesberg National Park. Pachyderm 26: 40-51, figs. 1-5, tables 1-4, photos 1-5
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
Release in Pilanesberg NP. Male black rhino seem to mature socially later than females. In Pilanesberg, female calves become independent of their mothers at a younger age than males: average for female young 2 yrs 1 mo 4 females average for male young 3 yrs 7 males ...
  details

File AvailableTaylor, M. 1998 Research into the possible reasons for a lack of ovarian cycling in an 18 year old female white rhino (Ceratotherium simum simum)(work in progress). EEP Research Group Newsletter 5: 5-6
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
White Rhino
Paignton Zoo. An 18 year old female in Paignton Zoo was unable to undergo regular patterns of oestrous cycling. She used to cycle, but through urinary steroid analysis, she was known to have stopped. Possible reasons were (1) development of a physical problem; (2) nutritional deficiency; (3) c...
  details

File AvailableAdcock, K.; Hansen, H.; Lindemann, H. 1998 Lessons from the introduced black rhino population in Pilanesberg National Park. Pachyderm 26: 40-51, figs. 1-5, tables 1-4, photos 1-5
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
Pilanesberg NP. Average observed inter-calving interval is 34 months or 2.8 years. The most likely mode is 2.6 years, from 20 observations, range 2.1 to 5.8 years. Intercalving interval is thought to decline with female age, but there is no indication of this yet in Pilanesberg.
  details

File AvailableBrett, R.A. 1998 Mortality factors and breeding performance of translocated black rhinos in Kenya: 1984-1995. Pachyderm 26: 69-82, figs. 1-8, tables 1-2
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya
Reproduction
Black Rhino
Translocation in Kenya, 1984-1995. Adult females (including animals pregnant at translocation) took an average of 3.4 ? 2.2 years to produce their first calves in the new reserve (n=21), with non- pregnant animals calving 4.6 ? 2.1 years on average after translocation (n= 13).
  details

File AvailableDeMaar, T.W.; Kuria, K. 1998 Doctor, are we pregnant?. Swara 20 (6)/ 21 (1): 39-40, fig. 1
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya
Reproduction - Management methods
Black Rhino
One method is urine collection. This measures hormones related to pregnancy that are excreted by the mother. Urine collection was attempted several years ago. Game rangers were armed with syringes to collect urine from leaves and other places. This process yielded very variable results due to...
  details

File AvailableHilsberg, S. 1998 Infrarot-Thermographie bei Zootieren: erste Erfahrungen im Einsatz zur Trachtigkeits- und Entzundungsdiagnostik. Bongo, Berlin 28: 1-8, figs. 1-2
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction - Management methods
All Rhino Species
Infrared-thermography (with illustrative colour photos). Infrared-thermography is a new technique in veterinary science. It uses the natural heatwaves which every animal releses. With a special camera these waves can be captured, which is then changed into an electrical signal. This signal in...
  details

File AvailableAnonymous 1998 Wildlife breeding resource centre rhino programme. Rhino Watch 7 in SA Game & Hunt 4 (4): 40
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction - Management methods
All Rhino Species
The Wildlife Breeding Resource Centre over the past two years has been collecting the testes from hunted white rhino, to research the techniques for successfully freezing rhino sperm, as well as to create a stock of good quality rhino sperm from trophy animals for transfusion back to the remainin...
  details

File AvailableTomasova, K. 1998 Dvur Kralove - Czech Republic. EAZA News 1998 January-March: 18
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
Gestation period 486 days, Dvur Kralove 1997
  details

File AvailableLaterveer, M. 1998 Rotterdam - The Netherlands. EAZA News 1998 April-June: 18
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
Rotterdam 1998. Young started to suckle 5 hours after delivery
  details

File AvailableTaylor, M. 1998 Research into the possible reasons for a lack of ovarian cycling in an 18 year old female white rhino (Ceratotherium simum simum)(work in progress). EEP Research Group Newsletter 5: 5-6
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Black Rhino
Project proposal. To recreate an environment in zoos which resembles the wild, black rhinos should be kept separated until shortly before the female's peak estrous, at which time the male is introduced. At zoos with sufficient funds, this is possible through monitoring the hormone levels in the ...
  details

File AvailableSchwarzenberger, F.; Walzer, C.; Tomasova, K.; Vahala, J.; Meister, J.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Zima, J.; Strauss, G.; Lynch, M. 1998 Faecal progesterone metabolite analysis for non-invasive monitoring of reproductive function in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). Animal Reproduction Science 53: 173-190
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive
Reproduction
White Rhino
Behavioural observations of captive white rhino indicated oestrous cycle lengths ranging from 30-90 days, whereas Owen Smith reported an oestrous cycle length of about 30 days for animals in South Africa. Wagner (1986) said 42 days. Another study using urinary steroid analysis indicated the oes...
  details

File AvailableZschokke, S.; Studer, P.; Baur, B. 1998 Past and future breeding of the Indian rhinoceros in captivity. International Zoo News 45 (5): 261-276, figs. 1-6, tables 1-2
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
First reproduction occurred earlier in females (median: 9y 2m, n = 39) than in males (median: 10y 5m, n = 31). The youngest dam giving birth was Studbook #99 at an age of 4y 4m. Studbook #86 was the youngest sire of exactly known age (8y 4m) whose offspring was live-born (#152 was 7y 7m old when...
  details

File AvailableRachlow, J.L.; Berger, J. 1998 Reproduction and population density: trade-offs for the conservation of rhinos in situ. Animal Conservation 1 (2): 101-106, figs. 1-3, table 1
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Southern Africa - Zimbabwe
Reproduction
White Rhino
Intervals between births have ranged from 2 to 6 years for white rhinos in MNP. Mean intervals for females in the WGP were 2.9 ? 0.1 years (n = 6 females, 21 intervals) during the early period and 3.3 ? 0.2 years (n = 8 females, 19 intervals) during the late period. Only one female in the low-d...
  details

File AvailableAdcock, K.; Hansen, H.; Lindemann, H. 1998 Lessons from the introduced black rhino population in Pilanesberg National Park. Pachyderm 26: 40-51, figs. 1-5, tables 1-4, photos 1-5
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
Pilanesberg NP. Average age of first calving was 7.5 years, range 6.8 to 8.8 for 7 females. Body weight is known to affect fecundity, and young rhino would need to approach 80% of their adult body weight before successfully conceiving, which is usually when the female is about 6.2 years old.
  details

File AvailableRachlow, J.L.; Berger, J. 1998 Reproduction and population density: trade-offs for the conservation of rhinos in situ. Animal Conservation 1 (2): 101-106, figs. 1-3, table 1
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Southern Africa - Zimbabwe
Reproduction
White Rhino
Zimbabwe. Female reproductive parameters varied with population density. Age at first reproduction for female white rhinos in MNP varied from 6.5 to 11.5 years of age. Using data for all females, age at first reproduction increased significantly with total population density in the year of con...
  details

File AvailableNeuschulz, N.; Meister, J. 1998 Nashoernern auf der Spur: Leben und uberleben einer stark bedrohten Tierfamilie. Erfurt, Verein der Zooparkfreunde in Erfurt e.V., pp. 1-52
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
White Rhino
The females are fertile when 6 years old, and can reproduce up to the age of 28 years.
  details

File AvailableZschokke, S.; Studer, P.; Baur, B. 1998 Past and future breeding of the Indian rhinoceros in captivity. International Zoo News 45 (5): 261-276, figs. 1-6, tables 1-2
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
Only males have reproduced beyond the age of 32 years. First reproduction occurred earlier in females (median: 9y 2m, n = 39) than in males (median: 10y 5m, n = 31). The youngest dam giving birth was Studbook #99 at an age of 4y 4m. Studbook #86 was the youngest sire of exactly known age (8y 4m...
  details

File AvailableTomasova, K. 1998 Dvur Kralove - Czech Republic. EAZA News 1998 January-March: 18
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
New breeding male reached sexual maturity at age of 8 years.
  details

File AvailableLaterveer, M. 1998 Rotterdam - The Netherlands. EAZA News 1998 April-June: 18
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
Rotterdam 1998. Mother was 6 years old, first baby.
  details

File AvailableHilsberg, S. 1998 Pregnancy determination in rhinos. Rhino Watch 8 in SA Game & Hunt, 4(5): 40
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableWalker, M. 1998 Behavioral patterns in the reproductive cycle of the black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis) (proposal). EEP Research Group Newsletter 5: 10-11
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableRachlow, J.L.; Berkeley, E.V.; Berger, J. 1998 Correlates of male mating stategies in white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum). Journal of Mammalogy 79 (4): 1317-1324, figs. 1-2, table 1
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableGarnier, J.N.; Holt, W.; Pickard, A.; Green, D.; Shaw, H. 1998 Steroid stability in the faeces of wild black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Proceedings of the Euro-American Mammal Congress, Santiago de Compostela, Spain 1998: 68
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableGunn, I.; Thorne, A.; Blyde, D.; Woods, R.; Trounson, A. 1998 Investigation of semen collection methods from the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Proceedings of the Euro-American Mammal Congress, Santiago de Compostela, Spain 1998: 283-284
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableHilsberg, S. 1998 Infrared thermography in zoo animals: new experiences with this method, its use in pregnancy and inflammation diagnosis and survey of environmental influences and thermoregulation in zoo animals. Proceedings of the European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians 1998: 397-409, figs. 1-11
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
No details available yet
  details

Thorne, A.; Cox, R.; Gunn, I.; Woods, R.; Blyde, D.; Trounson, A. 1998 Characterisation of oestrous cycles and pregnancy in black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) using salivary hormone analysis. Proceedings of the Euro-American Mammal Congress, Santiago de Compostela, Spain 1998: 28
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableWalker, M. 1998 Changes in the behaviour related to the reproductive cycle in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Wurzburg, Bayerische Maximillins Universitaet. Diplomarbeit, pp. 1-146, i-xl
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableRoth, T.L.; Patton, L.; Brown, J.; Czekala, N.; Swaisgood, R.; Lance, V. 1998 The North American experience: female hormonal cycles in southern white rhinoceros: pp. 6-8

In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailablePatton, L.; Czekala, N.; Lance, V. 1998 Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society, pp. 1, 1-51
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableRoth, T.L.; MacRae, M.A.; Brown, J.L.; Kroll, J.L.; Bellem, A.C.; O'Brien, J.K.; Romo, J.S. 1998 The reproductive physiology of a living fossil - the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). Biology of Reproduction 58 (Suppl. 1): 176
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Asia
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableRieches, R. 1998 Concerns with breeding F1 white rhinoceros in zoological institutions: pp. 4-5

In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableSchwarzenberger, F.; Walzer, C.; Tomasova, K.; Vahala, J.; Meister, J.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Zima, J.; Straun, G.; Lynch, M. 1998 Faecal progesterone metabolite analysis for non-invasive monitoring of reproductive function in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum): pp. 9-15, figs. 1-5, table 1

In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailablePatton, M.L.; Czekala, N.; Schaffer, N.; Lance, V. 1998 Hormonal manipulations of rhinoceros: pp. 16-21

In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableRadcliffe, R.W. 1998 Hypotheses on infertility in captive white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum): thoughts on normal and abnormal biology: pp. 22-27, figs. 1-3

In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableOwen-Smith, R.N. 1998 Reproductive behaviour of white rhinoceros in the wild in Umfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa: pp. 28-35, fig. 1, table 1

In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableWolf, T. 1998 Management of the white rhinoceros at Lion Country Safari, Loxahatchee, Florida: p. 36

In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableGunn, I.M.; Thome, A.; Trounson, A. 1998 Infertility/subfertility in the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) and the evaluation of their reproductive parameters as to other related species: pp. 37-47, fig. 1, tales 1-2

In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableGarnier, J.N.; Green, D.I.; Pickard, A.R.; Shaw, H.J.; Holt, W.V. 1998 Non-invasive diagnosis of pregnancy in wild black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis minor by faecal steroid analysis. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 10: 451-458
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableMerz, A. 1998 Hand-raising a rhino in the wild. In: Hogan, L., Metzger, D. and Peterson, D. (eds), Intimate nature: the bond between women and animals. New York, pp. 291-294
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya
Reproduction
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableMehrdadfar, F. 1998 Detecting estrus in captive Black rhino (Diceros bicornis): An example (preliminary results). Animal Keeper's Forum 25 (1): 17-25, 2 figures, 4 tables
Location:
Subject:
Species:
America - North America
Reproduction - Management methods
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableBasel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1997 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 9th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-44
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
interbirth interval 3 years
  details

File AvailableBasel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1997 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 9th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-44
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
Gestation period ca. 16 months
  details

File AvailableBerkeley, E.V.; Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Schaffer, N.E.; Bryant, W.M.; Threlfall, W.R. 1997 Serum and fecal steroid analysis of ovulation, pregnancy, and parturition in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Zoo Biology 16 (2): 121-132, figs. 1-4, tables 1-2 - https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1997)16:2<121::AID-ZOO3>3.0.CO;2-C
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction - Management methods
Black Rhino
Serum and fecal steroid analysis in Diceros bicornis . Maintaining viable populations of endangered species is important to zoological institutions. While knowledge of population dynamics is necessary for wildlife management, detailed assessments of reproductive function are required for longte...
  details

File AvailableBasel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1997 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 9th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-44
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
Average gestation 480 days, range 463-516 days
  details

File AvailableSchmidt, C.R. 1997 Black rhinoceros born in Frankfurt. EAZA News 1997 April-June: 17
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Black Rhino
Gestation period. 462 days, Frankfurt 1997
  details

File AvailableTomasova, K. 1997 Dvur Kralove - Czech Republic. EAZA News 1997 April-June: 15
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
Black Rhino
Dvur Kralove, male started breeding at age of 18 years
  details

File AvailableBasel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1997 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 9th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-44
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
sexual maturity females 5 years, earliest reproduction in captivity, female 4 years 128 days.
  details

File AvailableBasel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1997 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 9th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-44
Location:
Subject:
Species:
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
Sexual maturity: males 9 years, females 5 years Earliest reproduction in captivity: female 4 yrs 128 days, males 7 yrs 7 months. The reproductive phase lies between 4 and 32 years in females, between 7 and 40 years in males. The age-specific fertility shows a concave shape. In contrast, no ag...
  details

File AvailableMills, L.J. 1997 Behavioural characteristics used to determine the reproductive status of captive black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis michaeli). Zoologische Garten 67 (5): 271-278, figs. 1-2, tables 1-2
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableRoth, T.L. 1997 Sumatran rhinos: a reproductive challenge. CREW Review 14 (1): 1
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableKnieriem, A. 1997 Das Spitzmaulnashornschen Saja. Zoofreund, Hanover no. 106: 2-4, figs. 1-2
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
Black Rhino
No details available yet
  details

File AvailableCzekala, N. 1997 The Rhino reproductive puzzle. CRES Report Fall 1997: 1-2, 4 images
Location:
Subject:
Species:
Captive - North America
Reproduction - Management methods
White Rhino
No details available yet
  details