| Gripper, J. 2000 [Various notes]. Sebakwe News 2000 September |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| We were all surprised when Tapiwa on Bemthree had another calf during May 2000. She is only nine years old and had Tafarai, her first calf in May 1998, just two years previously. We are pretty sure that the father ia again Tangarira, who although 32 years old, successfully fought off a male bla... |
|
| Fraedrich, H. 2000 Zoo Berlin, Jahresbericht fur 1999. Bongo, Berlin 30: 135-210 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction - Management methods
White Rhino
|
| Berlin ZooThe male Hlambamans was aneasthized by the IZW-Team to take sperm, to fertilize a female living in Schwerin. |
|
| Lewa Wildlife Conservancy 2000 [Notes]. Newsletter Lewa Wildlife Conservancy no. 9 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| The breeding performance of black rhino has improved after several years of sluggish performance. The females are now conceiving 8 to 12 months after calving, giving them an inter-calving interval of just over two years, which is comparable to other top-producing rhino sanctuaries in Africa. Pr... |
|
| Driver, S. 2000 Orana wildlife park, Christchurch, New Zealand. International Zoo News 47 (1): 55-56 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Australia
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| Christchurch Zoo - Mother nudged the calf to its feet within the hour. |
|
| Muehling, P. 2000 Nuremberg, Germany. EAZA News 29: 16 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| Time of Day 16: 17 h, Nuremberg, 1999 |
|
| Holeckova, D.; Tomasova, K. 2000 Birth of northern white rhino in Dvur Kralove. EAZA News 32: 19, fig. 1 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| Birth time: 0230 am, in Dvur Kralove, 2000 |
|
| Ratajszczak, R. 2000 Poznan - Poland. EAZA News 31: 15 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| Poznan Zoo. Birth took place in the early hours and lasted about 15 minutes. |
|
| Gripper, J. 2000 [Various notes]. Sebakwe News 2000 September |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| We were all surprised when Tapiwa on Bemthree had another calf during May 2000. She is only nine years old and had Tafarai, her first calf in May 1998, just two years previously. |
|
| Mkenda, E.; Butchart, D. 2000 Notes on the status of black rhino in the Ngorongoro Crater. CCA Ecological Journal 2: 68-69 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| Ngorongoro, Tanzania. A pair of Black Rhino were seen mating at 11h00 on 15/2/99 near the Ngoitoktok Marsh; the male stayed on top of the female for about ten minutes. in two sessions. |
|
| Ratajszczak, R. 2000 Poznan - Poland. EAZA News 31: 15 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| Poznan Zoo. Male was just over 4 ? years of age when he sired first offspring. |
|
| Driver, S. 2000 Orana wildlife park, Christchurch, New Zealand. International Zoo News 47 (1): 55-56 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Australia
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| Christchurch Zoo. The birth was very quick, with the calf on the ground by the time staff reached her. |
|
| Muehling, P. 2000 Nuremberg, Germany. EAZA News 29: 16 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| Nuremberg 1999. The calf was on his feet within half an hour after delivery, and was observed suckling for the first time 4 hours after birth. |
|
| Ratajszczak, R. 2000 Poznan - Poland. EAZA News 31: 15 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| Poznan Zoo. The calf was on her feet and suckled for the first time one hour after delivery. |
|
| Yadav, V.K. 2000 Male-male aggression in Rhinoceros unicornis - case study from North Bengal, India. Indian Forester 126 (10): 1030-1034 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Asia - South Asia - India - Assam
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| Dominant adult male tries to establish its supremacy by show of strength with other adult males for mating with females in oestrus. |
|
| Walzer, C.; Pucher, H.; Schwarzenberger, F. 2000 A restraint chute for semen collection in white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) - preliminary results. Proceedings of the European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians 2000: S7-S10, fig. 1 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Pfeiffer, S. 2000 Documentation of the hormonal cycle of female black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) using ultrasonic diagnosis and subsequent computational analysis. EEP Research Group Newsletter 7: 64-65 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Hermes, R.; Hildebrandt, T.B.; Schwarzenberger, F.; Walzer, C.; Goeltenboth, R.; Schneider, M.; Schnorrenberg, A.; Goeritz, F. 2000 Development of an artificial insemination technique in the African rhinoceros. Proceedings of the European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians 2000: 139-141 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
African Rhino Species
|
| No details available yet |
|
| O'Brien, J.K.; Roth, T.L. 2000 Post-coital sperm recovery and cryopreservation in the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) and application to gamete rescue in the African black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 118 (2): 263-271, figs. 1-2, tables 1-3 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Asia
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Kretzschmar, P.; Ganslosser, U.; Rohleder, M.; Dehnhardt, M. 2000 Non-invasive testosterone measurement reveal seasonality in males of free living white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum simum. Advances in Ethology 35: 92 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Roth, T.L.; O'Brien, J.K. 2000 Ultrasonographic characterization of unique follicular dynamics and associated estrogen production in an Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Biology of Reproduction 62 (Suppl. 1): 290 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Asia
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Strien, N.J. van 2000 Seasonality in breeding in Sumatran rhino?, pp. 57-59
| In: Adi, M. et al. Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, Way Kambas National Park - Curators report 1999. Way Kambas, SRS: pp. 1-59 |
|
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Asia - South East Asia
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
|
| Finds that mating in Sumatra occurs mainly in July-September which coincides with the season of least rainfall |
|
| Randle, H.D.; Kiley-Worthington, M. 2000 An example of changing management to facilitate successful breeding in a group of semi-intensively kept black rhino (Diceros bicornis). Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Symposium on Zoo Research, 6-7 July 2000, Paignton Zoo: pp. 73-82 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Rosnina, Y.; Choong, S.S.; Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari; Wahid, H.; Aidi, M.; Yap, K.C. 2000 Correlation between vaginal cytology and serum progesterone in Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). UPM Research Report 1997-2000, Section 2-Extended Abstracts: 204-205 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Choong, S.S.; Rosnina, Y.; Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari; Wahid, H. 2000 A preliminary study on exfoliative vaginal cytology in captive Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). UPM Research Report 1997-2000, Section 2-Extended Abstracts: 37 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Shaffstall, W. 2000 An overview of training staff and rhinoceros for ultrasonography procedures. Animal Keeper's Forum 27 (9): 396-401, 3 figures |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Kretzschmar, P.; Ganslosser, U.; Jewgenow, K.; Dehnhard, M. 2000 Non-invasive measurement of faecal testosterone metabolites revealed seasonality in free living White rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum simum. Advances in Ethology 35, Supplements : 92 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Verberkmoes, H. 1999 Hilvarenbeek, The Netherlands. EAZA News 25: 17 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| Gestation period 511 days, 1999, Hilvarenbeek |
|
| Lubbe, K.; Smith, R.L.; Bartels, P.; Godke, R.A. 1999 Freezing epididymal sperm from white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) treated with different cryodiluents. Johannesburg, Wildlife Breeding Resource Centre, poster presentation, 1 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| Testes were collected from 2 hunted rhinoceros bulls in Tswalu Desert Reserve in the Kalahari. One was breeding, the other non-breeding. Testes were collected 1 hour after death, transported on ice, and processing began 3 hours thereafter. Sperm were frozen in 0.25 ml straws at 150 million spe... |
|
| Lewa Wildlife Conservancy 1999 [Notes]. Newsletter Lewa Wildlife Conservancy no. 8 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| The other mother is Juniper, who was born on Lewa and is 11 years old. This is her second calf, after an interval of 3 years. |
|
| Anonymous 1999 Black rhino cow dies, but her legacy lives on. SA Game and Hunt 5 (11): 25 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Reproduction - Management methods
White Rhino
|
| Female died in Pilanesberg. Her ovaries were removed soon after her death and transported back to EWT's Wildlife Breeding Resource centre, where they underwent various procedures to remove the eggcells still trapped inside them. Eggcells were removed and cultured before undergoing in vitro fert... |
|
| Basel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1999 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 10th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-50 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| oestrous cycle 36 to 58 days. |
|
| Lewa Wildlife Conservancy 1999 [Notes]. Newsletter Lewa Wildlife Conservancy no. 8 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| Also 2 baby white rhino. A surprise was in late July calf born to Jessima, the first of our second generation white rhinos to calve. She was only 5 years 3 months old. |
|
| Basel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1999 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 10th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-50 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| young mother:209, 4 yrs 77 days |
|
| Basel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1999 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 10th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-50 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| Earliest reproduction in female, 4 yrs 77 days. |
|
| Fraedrich, H. 1999 Zoo Berlin, Jahresbericht fur 1998. Bongo, Berlin 29: 119-177 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction - Management methods
Black Rhino
|
| Zoo Berlin, Male 'Kibo', 35 years old, Diceros bicornis. He was unable to mate with a female. We therefore tried to collected semen from him by electroejaculation and to preserve them. Although this method is used for many zoo animals, it usually fails in black rhino. The animal was anesthiz... |
|
| Wagner, D.C.; Edwards, M.S. 1999 Handrearing of black and white rhinoceroses: a comparison. Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Keepers 26: 10-28, tables 1-3, charts 1-2 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
African Rhino Species
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Lion, D. 1999 Etude de la reproduction du rhinoceros blanc (Ceratotherium simum): determination de la periode d'oestrous de la femelle a partir d'observations comportementales et physiologiques. Lille, Universite de Lille I. Rapport de stage, pp. 1-55 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Roth, T.L.; Brown, J.L. 1999 Is there any rhyme or reason to rhinoceros reproduction? - a summary of reproductive characteristics, species-specificities and challenges for the future. Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians 1999: 97-99 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Schwarzenberger, F.; Walzer, C.; Tomasova, K.; Zima, J.; Goeritz, F.; Hermes, R.; Hildebrandt, T.B. 1999 Can the problems associated with the low reproductive rate in captive white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) be solved within the next 5 years?. Verhandlungsbericht des Internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zootiere 39: 283-289 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| The reproductive rate of the white rhinoceros in captivity is very low and >50% of animals are >20 years of age. At a recent IRF (International Rhino Foundation) workshop reproductive problems have been defined as 1) acyclicity and variable oestrous cycle length of 35 or 70 days, 2) mating ... |
|
| Patton, M.L.; Swaisgood, R.R.; Czekala, N.M.; White, A.M.; Fetter, G.A.; Montagne, J.P.; Rieches, R.G.; Lance, V.A. 1999 Reproductive cycle length and pregnancy in the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) as determined by fecal pregnane analysis and observations of mating behavior. Zoo Biology 18 (2): 111-127, figs. 1-4, tables 1-2 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Roth, T.L.; Swanson, W.F.; Blattman, L.K. 1999 Seventh world conference on breeding endangered species: linking zoo and field research to advance conservation. Cincinnati, Zoo |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Lubbe, K.; Smith, R.L.; Bartels, P.; Godke, R.A. 1999 Freezing epididymal sperm from white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) treated with different cryodiluents. Theriogenology 51 (1): 288 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Mehrdadfar, F.; Barthel, T.; Blue, D.; Corcoran, M.; Corey, L.; Flinkman, D.; Gerstin, J.; Grant, J.; Leonard, I.; Sawyer, V.; Rhino Keeper Workshop; Yang, A. 1999 Proceedings of the First Rhino Keepers' workshop 1999, sponsored by Disney's Animal Kingdom. [No place], Rhino Keepers Workshop |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Radcliffe, R.W. 1999 Reproductive management of the captive rhinoceros: pp. 52-58
| In: Mehrdadfar, F. et al. Proceedings of the First Rhino Keepers' workshop 1999, sponsored by Disney's Animal Kingdom. [No place], Rhino Keepers Workshop |
|
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
|
| No details available yet |
|
| MacInninch, M.D.; Bellem, A.C.; Macdonald, S.E.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Graham, L.H.; Brown, J.L.; Roth, T.L. 1999 Monitoring fecal progestogen metabolites in the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) by enzyme immunoassay: p. 266
| In: Roth, T.L. et al. Seventh world conference on breeding endangered species: linking zoo and field research to advance conservation. Cincinnati, Zoo |
|
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Mylniczenko, N.D. 1999 Detection of reproductive behavior in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli). Animal Keeper's Forum 26 (11): 440-448, 1 table, 1 figure, 2 charts |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
America - North America
Reproduction - Management methods
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Wagner, D.C.; Edwards, M.S. 1999 Hand-rearing Black and White rhinoceroses: A comparison. Proceedings of the 26th National Conference of the American Association of Zoo Keeper's Inc. Portland, Oregon, September 12-16: 19-28, 2 tables, 2 charts |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
America - North America
Reproduction - Management methods
African Rhino Species
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Schaffer, N.E. 1999 Sumatran rhinoceros: reproductive data 1991-1999 (with updates and addenda). SOS Rhino, pp. 1-78 (revised 2018) |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Asia - South East Asia
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Adcock, K.; Hansen, H.; Lindemann, H. 1998 Lessons from the introduced black rhino population in Pilanesberg National Park. Pachyderm 26: 40-51, figs. 1-5, tables 1-4, photos 1-5 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| Release in Pilanesberg NP. Male black rhino seem to mature socially later than females. In Pilanesberg, female calves become independent of their mothers at a younger age than males:
average for female young 2 yrs 1 mo 4 females
average for male young 3 yrs 7 males
... |
|
| Taylor, M. 1998 Research into the possible reasons for a lack of ovarian cycling in an 18 year old female white rhino (Ceratotherium simum simum)(work in progress). EEP Research Group Newsletter 5: 5-6 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| Paignton Zoo. An 18 year old female in Paignton Zoo was unable to undergo regular patterns of oestrous cycling. She used to cycle, but through urinary steroid analysis, she was known to have stopped. Possible reasons were (1) development of a physical problem; (2) nutritional deficiency; (3) c... |
|
| Adcock, K.; Hansen, H.; Lindemann, H. 1998 Lessons from the introduced black rhino population in Pilanesberg National Park. Pachyderm 26: 40-51, figs. 1-5, tables 1-4, photos 1-5 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| Pilanesberg NP. Average observed inter-calving interval is 34 months or 2.8 years.
The most likely mode is 2.6 years, from 20 observations, range 2.1 to 5.8 years.
Intercalving interval is thought to decline with female age, but there is no indication of this yet in Pilanesberg. |
|
| Brett, R.A. 1998 Mortality factors and breeding performance of translocated black rhinos in Kenya: 1984-1995. Pachyderm 26: 69-82, figs. 1-8, tables 1-2 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| Translocation in Kenya, 1984-1995. Adult females (including animals pregnant at translocation) took an average of 3.4 ? 2.2 years to produce their first calves in the new reserve (n=21), with non- pregnant animals calving 4.6 ? 2.1 years on average after translocation (n= 13). |
|
| DeMaar, T.W.; Kuria, K. 1998 Doctor, are we pregnant?. Swara 20 (6)/ 21 (1): 39-40, fig. 1 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya
Reproduction - Management methods
Black Rhino
|
| One method is urine collection. This measures hormones related to pregnancy that are excreted by the mother. Urine collection was attempted several years ago. Game rangers were armed with syringes to collect urine from leaves and other places. This process yielded very variable results due to... |
|
| Hilsberg, S. 1998 Infrarot-Thermographie bei Zootieren: erste Erfahrungen im Einsatz zur Trachtigkeits- und Entzundungsdiagnostik. Bongo, Berlin 28: 1-8, figs. 1-2 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction - Management methods
All Rhino Species
|
| Infrared-thermography (with illustrative colour photos). Infrared-thermography is a new technique in veterinary science. It uses the natural heatwaves which every animal releses. With a special camera these waves can be captured, which is then changed into an electrical signal. This signal in... |
|
| Anonymous 1998 Wildlife breeding resource centre rhino programme. Rhino Watch 7 in SA Game & Hunt 4 (4): 40 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction - Management methods
All Rhino Species
|
| The Wildlife Breeding Resource Centre over the past two years has been collecting the testes from hunted white rhino, to research the techniques for successfully freezing rhino sperm, as well as to create a stock of good quality rhino sperm from trophy animals for transfusion back to the remainin... |
|
| Tomasova, K. 1998 Dvur Kralove - Czech Republic. EAZA News 1998 January-March: 18 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| Gestation period 486 days, Dvur Kralove 1997 |
|
| Laterveer, M. 1998 Rotterdam - The Netherlands. EAZA News 1998 April-June: 18 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| Rotterdam 1998. Young started to suckle 5 hours after delivery |
|
| Taylor, M. 1998 Research into the possible reasons for a lack of ovarian cycling in an 18 year old female white rhino (Ceratotherium simum simum)(work in progress). EEP Research Group Newsletter 5: 5-6 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| Project proposal. To recreate an environment in zoos which resembles the wild, black rhinos should be kept separated until shortly before the female's peak estrous, at which time the male is introduced. At zoos with sufficient funds, this is possible through monitoring the hormone levels in the ... |
|
| Schwarzenberger, F.; Walzer, C.; Tomasova, K.; Vahala, J.; Meister, J.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Zima, J.; Strauss, G.; Lynch, M. 1998 Faecal progesterone metabolite analysis for non-invasive monitoring of reproductive function in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). Animal Reproduction Science 53: 173-190 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| Behavioural observations of captive white rhino indicated oestrous cycle lengths ranging from 30-90 days, whereas Owen Smith reported an oestrous cycle length of about 30 days for animals in South Africa. Wagner (1986) said 42 days. Another study using urinary steroid analysis indicated the oes... |
|
| Zschokke, S.; Studer, P.; Baur, B. 1998 Past and future breeding of the Indian rhinoceros in captivity. International Zoo News 45 (5): 261-276, figs. 1-6, tables 1-2 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| First reproduction occurred earlier in females (median: 9y 2m, n = 39) than in males (median: 10y 5m, n = 31). The youngest dam giving birth was Studbook #99 at an age of 4y 4m. Studbook #86 was the youngest sire of exactly known age (8y 4m) whose offspring was live-born (#152 was 7y 7m old when... |
|
| Rachlow, J.L.; Berger, J. 1998 Reproduction and population density: trade-offs for the conservation of rhinos in situ. Animal Conservation 1 (2): 101-106, figs. 1-3, table 1 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Southern Africa - Zimbabwe
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| Intervals between births have ranged from 2 to 6 years for white rhinos in MNP. Mean intervals for females in the WGP were 2.9 ? 0.1 years (n = 6 females, 21 intervals) during the early period and 3.3 ? 0.2 years (n = 8 females, 19 intervals) during the late period. Only one female in the low-d... |
|
| Adcock, K.; Hansen, H.; Lindemann, H. 1998 Lessons from the introduced black rhino population in Pilanesberg National Park. Pachyderm 26: 40-51, figs. 1-5, tables 1-4, photos 1-5 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| Pilanesberg NP. Average age of first calving was 7.5 years, range 6.8 to 8.8 for 7 females. Body weight is known to affect fecundity, and young rhino would need to approach 80% of their adult body weight before successfully conceiving, which is usually when the female is about 6.2 years old. |
|
| Rachlow, J.L.; Berger, J. 1998 Reproduction and population density: trade-offs for the conservation of rhinos in situ. Animal Conservation 1 (2): 101-106, figs. 1-3, table 1 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Southern Africa - Zimbabwe
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| Zimbabwe. Female reproductive parameters varied with population density. Age at first reproduction for female white rhinos in MNP varied from 6.5 to 11.5 years of age. Using data for all females, age at first reproduction increased significantly with total population density in the year of con... |
|
| Neuschulz, N.; Meister, J. 1998 Nashoernern auf der Spur: Leben und uberleben einer stark bedrohten Tierfamilie. Erfurt, Verein der Zooparkfreunde in Erfurt e.V., pp. 1-52 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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World
Reproduction
White Rhino
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| The females are fertile when 6 years old, and can reproduce up to the age of 28 years. |
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| Zschokke, S.; Studer, P.; Baur, B. 1998 Past and future breeding of the Indian rhinoceros in captivity. International Zoo News 45 (5): 261-276, figs. 1-6, tables 1-2 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
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| Only males have reproduced beyond the age of 32 years.
First reproduction occurred earlier in females (median: 9y 2m, n = 39) than in males (median: 10y 5m, n = 31). The youngest dam giving birth was Studbook #99 at an age of 4y 4m. Studbook #86 was the youngest sire of exactly known age (8y 4m... |
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| Tomasova, K. 1998 Dvur Kralove - Czech Republic. EAZA News 1998 January-March: 18 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| New breeding male reached sexual maturity at age of 8 years. |
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| Laterveer, M. 1998 Rotterdam - The Netherlands. EAZA News 1998 April-June: 18 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
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Captive - Europe
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
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| Rotterdam 1998. Mother was 6 years old, first baby. |
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| Hilsberg, S. 1998 Pregnancy determination in rhinos. Rhino Watch 8 in SA Game & Hunt, 4(5): 40 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Walker, M. 1998 Behavioral patterns in the reproductive cycle of the black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis) (proposal). EEP Research Group Newsletter 5: 10-11 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Rachlow, J.L.; Berkeley, E.V.; Berger, J. 1998 Correlates of male mating stategies in white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum). Journal of Mammalogy 79 (4): 1317-1324, figs. 1-2, table 1 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Garnier, J.N.; Holt, W.; Pickard, A.; Green, D.; Shaw, H. 1998 Steroid stability in the faeces of wild black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Proceedings of the Euro-American Mammal Congress, Santiago de Compostela, Spain 1998: 68 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Gunn, I.; Thorne, A.; Blyde, D.; Woods, R.; Trounson, A. 1998 Investigation of semen collection methods from the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Proceedings of the Euro-American Mammal Congress, Santiago de Compostela, Spain 1998: 283-284 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Hilsberg, S. 1998 Infrared thermography in zoo animals: new experiences with this method, its use in pregnancy and inflammation diagnosis and survey of environmental influences and thermoregulation in zoo animals. Proceedings of the European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians 1998: 397-409, figs. 1-11 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Thorne, A.; Cox, R.; Gunn, I.; Woods, R.; Blyde, D.; Trounson, A. 1998 Characterisation of oestrous cycles and pregnancy in black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) using salivary hormone analysis. Proceedings of the Euro-American Mammal Congress, Santiago de Compostela, Spain 1998: 28 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Walker, M. 1998 Changes in the behaviour related to the reproductive cycle in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Wurzburg, Bayerische Maximillins Universitaet. Diplomarbeit, pp. 1-146, i-xl |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Roth, T.L.; Patton, L.; Brown, J.; Czekala, N.; Swaisgood, R.; Lance, V. 1998 The North American experience: female hormonal cycles in southern white rhinoceros: pp. 6-8
| In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51 |
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|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Patton, L.; Czekala, N.; Lance, V. 1998 Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society, pp. 1, 1-51 |
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Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Roth, T.L.; MacRae, M.A.; Brown, J.L.; Kroll, J.L.; Bellem, A.C.; O'Brien, J.K.; Romo, J.S. 1998 The reproductive physiology of a living fossil - the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). Biology of Reproduction 58 (Suppl. 1): 176 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Asia
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Rieches, R. 1998 Concerns with breeding F1 white rhinoceros in zoological institutions: pp. 4-5
| In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51 |
|
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Schwarzenberger, F.; Walzer, C.; Tomasova, K.; Vahala, J.; Meister, J.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Zima, J.; Straun, G.; Lynch, M. 1998 Faecal progesterone metabolite analysis for non-invasive monitoring of reproductive function in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum): pp. 9-15, figs. 1-5, table 1
| In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51 |
|
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Patton, M.L.; Czekala, N.; Schaffer, N.; Lance, V. 1998 Hormonal manipulations of rhinoceros: pp. 16-21
| In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51 |
|
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
All Rhino Species
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Radcliffe, R.W. 1998 Hypotheses on infertility in captive white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum): thoughts on normal and abnormal biology: pp. 22-27, figs. 1-3
| In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51 |
|
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Owen-Smith, R.N. 1998 Reproductive behaviour of white rhinoceros in the wild in Umfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa: pp. 28-35, fig. 1, table 1
| In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51 |
|
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Wolf, T. 1998 Management of the white rhinoceros at Lion Country Safari, Loxahatchee, Florida: p. 36
| In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51 |
|
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Gunn, I.M.; Thome, A.; Trounson, A. 1998 Infertility/subfertility in the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) and the evaluation of their reproductive parameters as to other related species: pp. 37-47, fig. 1, tales 1-2
| In: Patton, L. et al. Proceedings of a workshop on problems associated with the low rate of reproduction among captive-born female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). San Diego, Zoological Society: pp. 1, 1-51 |
|
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Garnier, J.N.; Green, D.I.; Pickard, A.R.; Shaw, H.J.; Holt, W.V. 1998 Non-invasive diagnosis of pregnancy in wild black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis minor by faecal steroid analysis. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 10: 451-458 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Merz, A. 1998 Hand-raising a rhino in the wild. In: Hogan, L., Metzger, D. and Peterson, D. (eds), Intimate nature: the bond between women and animals. New York, pp. 291-294 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Mehrdadfar, F. 1998 Detecting estrus in captive Black rhino (Diceros bicornis): An example (preliminary results). Animal Keeper's Forum 25 (1): 17-25, 2 figures, 4 tables |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
America - North America
Reproduction - Management methods
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Basel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1997 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 9th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-44 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| interbirth interval 3 years |
|
| Basel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1997 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 9th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-44 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| Gestation period ca. 16 months |
|
| Berkeley, E.V.; Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Schaffer, N.E.; Bryant, W.M.; Threlfall, W.R. 1997 Serum and fecal steroid analysis of ovulation, pregnancy, and parturition in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Zoo Biology 16 (2): 121-132, figs. 1-4, tables 1-2 - https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1997)16:2<121::AID-ZOO3>3.0.CO;2-C |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction - Management methods
Black Rhino
|
| Serum and fecal steroid analysis in Diceros bicornis . Maintaining viable populations of endangered species is important to zoological institutions. While knowledge of population dynamics is necessary for wildlife management, detailed assessments of reproductive function are required for longte... |
|
| Basel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1997 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 9th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-44 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| Average gestation 480 days, range 463-516 days |
|
| Schmidt, C.R. 1997 Black rhinoceros born in Frankfurt. EAZA News 1997 April-June: 17 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| Gestation period. 462 days, Frankfurt 1997 |
|
| Tomasova, K. 1997 Dvur Kralove - Czech Republic. EAZA News 1997 April-June: 15 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| Dvur Kralove, male started breeding at age of 18 years |
|
| Basel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1997 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 9th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-44 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| sexual maturity females 5 years, earliest reproduction in captivity, female 4 years 128 days. |
|
| Basel Zoo; Wirz-Hlavacek, G.; Zschokke, S.; Studer, P. 1997 International studbook for the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis (Linne, 1758), 9th edition. Basel, Zoologischer Garten, pp. 1-44 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
World
Reproduction
Indian Rhino
|
| Sexual maturity: males 9 years, females 5 years
Earliest reproduction in captivity: female 4 yrs 128 days, males 7 yrs 7 months.
The reproductive phase lies between 4 and 32 years in females, between 7 and 40 years in males. The age-specific fertility shows a concave shape. In contrast, no ag... |
|
| Mills, L.J. 1997 Behavioural characteristics used to determine the reproductive status of captive black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis michaeli). Zoologische Garten 67 (5): 271-278, figs. 1-2, tables 1-2 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Africa
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Roth, T.L. 1997 Sumatran rhinos: a reproductive challenge. CREW Review 14 (1): 1 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive
Reproduction
Sumatran Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Knieriem, A. 1997 Das Spitzmaulnashornschen Saja. Zoofreund, Hanover no. 106: 2-4, figs. 1-2 |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - Europe
Reproduction
Black Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
| Czekala, N. 1997 The Rhino reproductive puzzle. CRES Report Fall 1997: 1-2, 4 images |
|
Location:
Subject:
Species:
|
Captive - North America
Reproduction - Management methods
White Rhino
|
| No details available yet |
|
|