 Reference Base  Voprosy paleozoogeografii nosoroga Merka (Stephanorhinus ... |
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Shpansky, A.V., 2017. Voprosy paleozoogeografii nosoroga Merka (Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis Jäger, 1839) (Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia) [Questions of palaeozoogeografy of Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Jäger, 1839) (Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia)]. Geosfernye Issledovanya [Geosphere Research], Tomsk State Univ., Tomsk; 3: 73-89, 2 figs, 1 tab [doi:10.17223/25421379/4/9]
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Ecology |
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Fossil |
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Abstract - A paleozoogeographic analysis of the time-space distribution of Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Jäger) was carried out. The analysis uses data on 98 locations with different geological ages. Over the past 15 years, a large number of new loca tions have been discovered, especially within Western Siberia, Yakutia and East China. The cartographic material is composed according to three age intervals: Early Neo-Pleistocene, Middle Neo-Pleistocene and Late Neo-Pleistocene. On the basis of the geographical location of the most ancient habitats, the assumption of the Middle Asian origin of this species at the end of the Eopleystocene until the beginning of the Neo-Pleistocene and further spread through Northern Eurasia was made. The maximum extent of S.kirchbergensis reached at the beginning of the Middle Neo-Pleistocene, when it penetrated far into the Arctic Circle in Eastern Siberia. Then, during the maximum glaciation, the distribution declined sharply and at the beginning of the late Neo-Pleistocene Woolly rhinoceros is known from three refugia - Central European, West Siberian (southeast of the West Siberian Plain) and south of Central China. The final ex tinction of S.kirchbergensis in Europe happened about 104-120 thousand years ago, on the eve of the new glaciation and in China at the end of the Pleistocene (about 13,000 years). The existence of the Woolly rhinoceros during the late Early Neo-Pleistocene and early Late Neo-Pleistocene was spatially confined to the southern and middle (except for part of Yakutia) latitudinally oriented subzones of the periglacial zone within the four zoogeographical subregions (Mediterranean, European-Siberian, Central Asian, Manchu-Chinese) of the Paleoarctic region. The largest number of habitats reflecting the stages of the existence of a taxon correlates with warm epochs (thermochrons) of the Neo-Pleistocene, which can be explained by two reasons: the first reason is the improvement of the physico- geographical habitat conditions for S. kirchbergensis at that time, which reduced the pressure of the limiting factors of the natural envi ronment and which allowed expanding of the range; the second reason is related to the change in sedimentation conditions towards an increase in the speed and volume of sedimentation, the appearance of more favorable tafonic conditions and the formation of numerous habitats, including alluvial ones.
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