 Reference Base  Krankheiten der Nashoerner aus der Sicht des Zootierarzte... |
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Kulow, W., 1990. Krankheiten der Nashoerner aus der Sicht des Zootierarztes mit einem Beitrag zur medikamentellen Immobilisierung. Berlin, Freie Universitaet, pp. 1-252
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| Location: |
Captive |
| Subject: |
Diseases |
| Species: |
All Rhino Species |
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This study is presented to show the different diseases in the rhinoceros and immobilisations carried out, so far as of interest to the zoo- veterinarian. About 370 authorities from international literature were analyzed; also veterinarians, zoologists and keepers of 15 zoological gardens were interviewed. The introduction of the different rhinoceros species is followed by a brief report on its confined keeping. Tabular summarized is the species' physiological data such as respiratory and pulse rate, body temperature, and life- span. A brief report follows on parasitic and bacterial diseases and other pathogenic causes such as viral infections, intoxication, tumors, and alimentary causes, always with reference to the respective organ system. Chapter 10 describes comprehensively methods of treatment of the different diseases ("diseases of the organ systems"). This contributes to the understanding of the relation between the etiology and the respective organ system. Chapter 10 also states briefly the physiological characteristics of the refered to organs. The following chapters on reproduction (such as birth, human-rearing, diseases in the infant rhinoceros) have their own inportant rating. Brief mention is made of the most relevant prophylactic measures to take, followed by a comprehensive chapter on the "immobilisation of rhinoceroses, which includes all immobilisation ethods in use today. Tables conclude the study and show the doses applied of the different medicaments used for immobilisation . Because of the relatively limited number of individuals and the relatively low frequency of cases one can not speak about typical or atypical diseases in rhinoceroses but can only speak about a certain frequency of cases. In regard of skin diseases quite a large number of publications exist on bacterial dermatitides. In wild living rhinoceroses these dermatitides are caused by parasites, while in zoo- kept individuals they are caused by inadequate skin care. Observed are some cases of smallpox. Of special problem are the diseases of the horn, horn injuries and the loss of the horn. The respiratory organs are mainly affected by lungfibrosis, pulmonary mycosis and tuberculosis. In recent times blood diseases have increased, above all anaemia, leptospirosis and haeaoglobinuria. Salmonellosis, causing dysenteric infectious gastrointestinal disorders, does not only play a major role in juvenil rhinoceroses but is also observed in adult animals. Diagnosed are gastric ulcers as well as different stress- induced symptoms (long term medication). Injuries and disorders of the skin of the sole of the foot are especially dangerous for the whole organism. An infection of the skin may generalize and lead to diseases of the organs, if it is diagnosed too late. Problems leading to unsatisfactory breeding results are observed primarily in the Black and Indian rhinoceros. Today etorphin is chiefly used for immobilisation. Also mentioned are other immobilisation methods.
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