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Kiwia, H.D., 1989. Ranging patterns of the black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis (L.)) in Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology 27: 305-312, figs. 1-3, tables 1-3

  details
 
Location: Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania
Subject: Behaviour - Daily Routine
Species: Black Rhino


Original text on this topic:
Sub-adult males and bulls spray-urinated when walking from one station to the other and especially when bulls were courting females.
Bulls spray-urinate more often when courting females than when engaged in other activities. Also when courting, male A was twice observed scraping dung piles very vigorously using both hind legs and horns. It seems these activities have some social role within the species.

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