Reference Base Notes for: Morphology - Horn back to search page Sort order: ------------------- Date ASC Author normal    (3) 1 2 3  Ferreira, S.; t Sas Rolfes, M.; Balfour, D.; Barichievy, C.; Chege, G.; Dean, C.; Doak, N.; Dublin, H.T.; Du Toit, R.; Mosweu, K.; and 13 others 2024 Risky conclusions regarding shrinking rhino horns. People and Nature 2024: 1-4 - DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10552 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Wilson, Oscar E.; Pashkevich, M.D.; Rookmaaker, K.; Turner, E.C. 2024 Response to ‘Risky conclusions regarding shrinking rhino horns’: Clarification on a statistically determined reduction of relative horn length in five species of rhinoceros since 1885. People and Nature 2024: 1-4 - DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10584 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Price, E.R.; MacClure, P.J.; Jacobs, R.L.; Espinoza, E.O. 2018 Identification of rhinoceros keratin using direct analysis in real time time of flight mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 32: 2106–2112 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Boy, S.C.; Raubenheimer, E.J.; Marais, J.; Steenkamp, G 2015 White rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum horn development and structure: a deceptive optical illusion. Journal of Zoology, London 296: 161-166 Location: Subject: Species: Africa Morphology - Horn White Rhino The alleged traditional medicinal properties of rhinoceros horn resulted in a dramatic escalation in rhinoceros poaching in South Africa. Despite the listing of all species of rhinoceros in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of threatened animals, their numbers are still ...   details Jha, D.K.; Kshetry, N.T.; Pokharel, B.R.; Panday, R.; Aryal, N.K. 2015 Comparative study of some morphological and microscopic identifying features of genuine rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) horns and fake horns. Journal of Forensic Research 6 (6): 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: Asia Morphology - Horn Indian Rhino Rhino horn is hard, elongated, conical structure composed entirely of keratin but lacking bony core. Illegal trade of rhino horn has high financial rewards. Both genuine and fake horns are confiscated by authorities and sent for identification. Various morphological and microscopic features of 21...   details Hunter, I. 2015 Mutant black rhinoceros has three horns: photographed by Jim Gibson in Etosha. Mail Online 31 December 2015 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Morphology - Horn Black Rhino No details available yet   details Pilichowski, S.; Zawada, Z.; Grochowalska, R.; Maryccz, K. 2012 Basic elements of the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) horn. From biotechnology to environmental protection - the interdisciplinary meeting of young naturalists 7th international conference of young naturalists. Zielona Góra, Polska: 271-281 Location: Subject: Species: Africa Morphology - Horn White Rhino No details available yet   details Li Shenqing; Zu Endong; Sun Yi-dan; Zou Yu; Li He 2011 Analysis of rhinoceros horn and its substitutes by IR spectometry. Chinese Journal of Spectoscopy Laboratory 28 (6): 3786-3789 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Sam Yang 2011 A review of rhinoceros horn. Paper presented at Franklin W.Olin College of Engineering, pp. 1-11 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Tombolato, L.; Novitskaya, E.E.; Chen, Po-Yu; Sheppard, F.A.; MacKittrick, J. 2010 Microstructure, elastic properties and deformation mechanisms of horn keratin. Acta Biomaterialia 6: 319-330 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Player, I. 2009 Ian Player perspective - the horn. Posted by the WILD Foundation after Player's death on 30 November 2014 Location: Subject: Species: Museums Morphology - Horn White Rhino No details available yet   details Anonymous 2001 Interesting mammal observations at Ngala. CCA Ecological Journal 3: 16 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Morphology - Horn White Rhino A white rhino bull was seen to use its horn to break off splinters of wood from a dead tree stump and then chew on the splinters.   details Polet, G.; Tran Van Mui; Nguyen Xuan Dang; Bui Huu Manh; Baltzer, M. 1999 The Javan rhinos, Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus, of Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam: current status and management implications. Pachyderm 27: 34-48, figs. 1-2, photos 1-7, tables 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - East Asia - Vietnam Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino Vietnam. Griffiths (1992) recognising 31 individual Javan rhinos in Ujong Kulon, 60% of which the sex was known, notes that all individuals confirmed to be male have a horn, while all individiials confirmed to be female have no horn. Amman (1985) concludes that female Javan rhinos in Ujong Kulo...   details Polet, G.; Tran Van Mui; Nguyen Xuan Dang; Bui Huu Manh; Baltzer, M. 1999 The Javan rhinos, Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus, of Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam: current status and management implications. Pachyderm 27: 34-48, figs. 1-2, photos 1-7, tables 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino The rhino on Photo 4 (rhino 4) has its mouth wide open. A large incisor in the lower jaw is clearly visible. Van Strien (pers. comm.) believes that having large incisors is typical for male Javan rhinos.   details Polet, G.; Tran Van Mui; Nguyen Xuan Dang; Bui Huu Manh; Baltzer, M. 1999 The Javan rhinos, Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus, of Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam: current status and management implications. Pachyderm 27: 34-48, figs. 1-2, photos 1-7, tables 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - East Asia - Vietnam Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino Vietnam. Griffiths (1992) recognising 31 individual Javan rhinos in Ujong Kulon, 60% of which the sex was known, notes that all individuals confirmed to be male have a horn, while all individiials confirmed to be female have no horn. Amman (1985) concludes that female Javan rhinos in Ujong Kulo...   details Polet, G.; Tran Van Mui; Nguyen Xuan Dang; Bui Huu Manh; Baltzer, M. 1999 The Javan rhinos, Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus, of Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam: current status and management implications. Pachyderm 27: 34-48, figs. 1-2, photos 1-7, tables 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino The rhino on Photo 4 (rhino 4) has its mouth wide open. A large incisor in the lower jaw is clearly visible. Van Strien (pers. comm.) believes that having large incisors is typical for male Javan rhinos.   details Martin, E.B.; Hillman Smith, K. 1999 Entrepots for rhino horn in Khartoum and Cairo threaten Garamba's white rhino population. Pachyderm 27: 76-85, figs. 1-2, photo 1-8, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Sudan Morphology - Horn African Rhino Species The first horn seen was from a white rhino (Table 1). According to the Omdurman broker who brought it to be seen at a souvenir shop in Khartoum, it had been obtained about a year earlier from Nimule town in southern Sudan. (The nearby Nimule National Park has had no rhinos since about 1972). Th...   details Neuschulz, N.; Meister, J. 1998 Nashoernern auf der Spur: Leben und uberleben einer stark bedrohten Tierfamilie. Erfurt, Verein der Zooparkfreunde in Erfurt e.V., pp. 1-52 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species The characteristic of a rhino is the horn on the nose. There are one or two horns, depending on the species. The horns of the recent rhinos are no bones surrounded by horn which are stuck to the skull. They are pure horngrowths, which are attached to the skullbones through numerous strings of ...   details Neuschulz, N.; Meister, J. 1998 Nashoernern auf der Spur: Leben und uberleben einer stark bedrohten Tierfamilie. Erfurt, Verein der Zooparkfreunde in Erfurt e.V., pp. 1-52 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species Earlier people believed that rhinos shed their horns after few years. It is now known that the loss of horns only occurs when the animals fight among each other or when they try to knock down obstacles. When the part which makes the horn grow is undamaged, the horn grows again, annually about 1...   details Neuschulz, N.; Meister, J. 1998 Nashoernern auf der Spur: Leben und uberleben einer stark bedrohten Tierfamilie. Erfurt, Verein der Zooparkfreunde in Erfurt e.V., pp. 1-52 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino Horn in females small or absent   details Edwards, J. 1996 London Zoo from old photographs 1852-1914. London, Edwards, pp. 1-244 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Morphology - Horn Black Rhino London Zoo, male Jim, 1860s. When trying to force the gate between two paddocks open, he broke his horn off, but a fresh one grew again.   details Clarbrough, M.L. 1996 Ujung Kulon National Park: handbook. Ministry of Forests, Indonesia, pp. 1-74 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino Only male has prominent horn, female has a lump similar to a halved coconut.   details Clarbrough, M.L. 1996 Ujung Kulon National Park: handbook. Ministry of Forests, Indonesia, pp. 1-74 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino Only male has prominent horn, female has a lump similar to a halved coconut.   details Rhino & Elephant Foundation 1995 Turning back from the edge of extinction?. REF News no. 13: 2 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species The discovery fails to help explain why rhinos have horns! Self-defence against predators is not a use because an aduit's size - one tonne and 1.6m at the shoulder - is deterrent enough. What scientists do know is that horns are used with great effect when rhinos kill each other in territorial ...   details Daniel, J.C.; Adam, M.; Van Orden, A.C. 1995 Keratin structures of Ceratotherium. Regional Conference Proceedings of the AZA 1995: 537-541, 2 figures (8 plates) Location: Subject: Species: America - North America Morphology - Horn White Rhino No details available yet   details Geldenhuys, L.J. 1994 Dehorning black rhino: the Namibian experience: pp. 48-49 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Namibia - horn shape. A rhino horn has a concave base where it fits over the nasal bones. This is especially marked with the anterior horn. This necessitates removing the anterior horn 6,5 cm from its base and the posterior horn 5 cm from its base.   details Sewandono, I. 1994 Adeldom en de Indische neushoorn. Nederlands Juristenblad 69 (14): 476-478 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Indian Rhino It is with the indonesian gentry like with the Indian rhinoceros. For 300 years people in Europe thought that the animal had a second horn on the back. Even though living rhinos were brought to these regions, the image remained that presented in the drawing by D?rer of 1515.   details Geldenhuys, L.J. 1994 Dehorning black rhino: the Namibian experience: pp. 48-49 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Namibia - horn shape. A rhino horn has a concave base where it fits over the nasal bones. This is especially marked with the anterior horn. This necessitates removing the anterior horn 6,5 cm from its base and the posterior horn 5 cm from its base.   details Anonymous 1992 Rhinos of the world. REF News no. 8: 2-3, figs. 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino A small horn is found exclusively in males while females have only a small knob.   details Anonymous 1992 Rhinos of the world. REF News no. 8: 2-3, figs. 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino A small horn is found exclusively in males while females have only a small knob.   details Chilvers, B. 1990 Rhino's last stand in Africa. REF Journal 3: 12-19, figs. 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species Rhino horn is really just a dense mass of compacted hair - not unlike the keratin of a buffalo hoof - that polishes up nicely. (lnterestingly, the age or sex of rhino cannot be estimated by horn size.)   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn White Rhino The horns, which are composed of a mass of tubular filaments similar in substance to hair, are outgrowths of the skin and are not attached to the bone of the skull. The front is almost invariably longer than the hind, 1,58 m being the record length of a front horn from the Subregion (Best & Best...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Black Rhino The horns are composed of a mass of tubular filaments, similar in substance to hair. They grow from the skin and are not attached to the underlying bone, but the bony surface of the skull is rugose under the bases of the horns to allow a firm attachment of the skin to the skull in these areas. ...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn White Rhino The horns, which are composed of a mass of tubular filaments similar in substance to hair, are outgrowths of the skin and are not attached to the bone of the skull. The front is almost invariably longer than the hind, 1,58 m being the record length of a front horn from the Subregion (Best & Best...   details Dathe, H. 1990 Ein weiteres 'Durer-Hornlein' beim Breitmaulnashorn. Zoologische Garten 60 (5): 322 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species In a film which I showed in my program 'Zoobummel International' of the German TV from the Parc Zoologique National de Rabat, another white rhino which had an additional horn on the shoulder of some centimeter long. Previous were recorded by Hediger 1970 in Indian and White rhino, who also menti...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Black Rhino The horns are composed of a mass of tubular filaments, similar in substance to hair. They grow from the skin and are not attached to the underlying bone, but the bony surface of the skull is rugose under the bases of the horns to allow a firm attachment of the skin to the skull in these areas. ...   details Zhao Yuhua 1990 Technique to distinguish between Indian and African rhino horn [in Chinese]. Tianjin Pharmacy 1990: 18-20 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Li Zhenyong 1990 How to distinguish fake rhino horn [in Chinese]. Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal 1990: 17-20 Location: Subject: Species: Asia Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Anonymous 1987 The Tsavo Rhino Sanctuary, Kenya. International Zoo News 34 (4): 30-31, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species The horn is made of closely-packed tubular fibres of keratin.   details Happold, D.C.D. 1987 The mammals of Nigeria. Oxford, Clarendon Press, pp. i-xvii, 1-402 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Two horns composed of hardened hair curve upwards and forwards from snout, anterior ro the eyes; anterior horn long, thick and square at base, tapering to point. Posterior horn similar but shorter.   details Happold, D.C.D. 1987 The mammals of Nigeria. Oxford, Clarendon Press, pp. i-xvii, 1-402 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Two horns composed of hardened hair curve upwards and forwards from snout, anterior ro the eyes; anterior horn long, thick and square at base, tapering to point. Posterior horn similar but shorter.   details Naik, S.N.; Ishwad, C.S.; Karawale, M.S.; Wani, M.V. 1986 Squamous cell carcinoma in an Indian rhinoceros. Veterinary Record 118: 590-591, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Indian Rhino The Indian rhinoceros has a single horn made up of filamentous tubules of keratin which aee secreted by the skin and cemented together to form a hard projection. This projection is fixed to the skin and does not have a bone support like the horn of ruminants.   details Nardelli, F. 1985 The Sumatran Rhinoceros Project. Help Newsletter, Port Lympne 7: 4-8, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Sumatran Rhino The horns, smaller in the female, match the body colour, usually a darkish grey.   details Nardelli, F. 1985 The Sumatran Rhinoceros Project. Help Newsletter, Port Lympne 7: 4-8, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Sumatran Rhino The horns, smaller in the female, match the body colour, usually a darkish grey.   details Anonymous 1983 Extinct rhino spotted again. Malayan Naturalist 36 (2): 43 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Morphology - Horn Asian Rhino Species The three-horned rhino [sic] is said to be roaming the jungles of West Kalimantan.   details Janis, C.M. 1982 Evolution of horns in ungulates - ecology and palaeoecology. Biological Review (Cambridge Philosophical Society) 57 (2): 261-317 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Fossil No details available yet   details Prater, S.H. 1980 The book of Indian animals. Bombay etc., Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press, pp. i-xxiii, 1-324 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species The horn is formed of a closely matted mass of horny fibre issuing from the skin. It has no connection with the skull, although a boss of bone in the skull may serve as its foundation.   details Prater, S.H. 1980 The book of Indian animals. Bombay etc., Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press, pp. i-xxiii, 1-324 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species The horns grow throughout life and if lost are re-produced.   details Fountain, C. 1980 Three-horned rhinos. International Zoo News 27 (4): 17 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Daly (1937, Big game hunting and adventure) has a photo of black rhino shot in Tanaland showing the growth of a third horn. Also animal in Lisbon Zoo had third horn. Maybe this is a hereditary genetic defect as these animals came from the same region.   details Veevers-Carter, W. 1979 Land mammals of Indonesia. Jakarta, PT Intermasa Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species The 'horn' is actually made of matter horny fibre resembling the human fingernail and issuing from the skin, and not of bone.   details Bradlow, E.; Bradlow, F.R. 1979 William Somerville's narrative of the journeys to the Eastern Cape frontier and to Lattakoo 1799-1802. Cape Town, Van Riebeeck Society, Works Second Series, vol. 10, pp. i-iv, 1-253 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Morphology - Horn African Rhino Species both are solid masses of horn   details Bradlow, E.; Bradlow, F.R. 1979 William Somerville's narrative of the journeys to the Eastern Cape frontier and to Lattakoo 1799-1802. Cape Town, Van Riebeeck Society, Works Second Series, vol. 10, pp. i-iv, 1-253 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Male shot at Koussie Fountain 1801 the foremost horn was split and wore [sic] in several places - a circumstance common to the males.   details Banks, E. 1978 Mammals from Borneo. Brunei Museum Journal 4 (2): 165-227, pls. 1-14 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Morphology - Horn Asian Rhino Species There they travelled about at their leisure, wandering this way and that, following no particular route, bulldozing through obstructions by lifting them up with the front horn. The two horns seem to be no more than a sort of fork lift used to raise up obstructions in its path.   details Brouard, P. 1978 Lisbon's unusual zoo guest, a 3-horn black rhino (Diceros bicornis). International Zoo News 25 (2): 12-13, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Morphology - Horn Black Rhino December 1977, an unusual black rhino was on view. Its head prides itself not only on the normal two horns, but on three horns, the latter having no common characteristic with the third horn which possibly appears in Asiatic species. The third horn is situated far from the two conventional ones...   details Anonymous 1978 Lisbon's three-horned black rhinoceros. International Zoo News 25 (5): 10-11 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Morphology - Horn Black Rhino The naturalist and author Abel Chapman in his 'Retrospect, 1851-1928' (London, 1928) gave two pictures of a three horned black rhino, one (p.77) a drawing stating that it was shot at Elementeita in British East Africa on 10 Feb 1906, the other a photograph of Chapman himself with the animal's sev...   details Marshall, R.C.; Frenkel, M. J.; Gillespie, J.M. 1977 High-sulphur proteins in mammalian keratins: a possible aid in classification. Australian Journal of Zoology 25: 121-132, figs. 1-4, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Sample of keratin from rhinoceros horn. High-sulphur protein was extracted from the keratin. A figure shows the polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern. The study shows that keratin samples which have different electrophoretic patterns can be judged as coming from animals of different speci...   details Hediger, H. 1977 Zoologische Garten: gestern - heute - morgen. Bern and Stuttgart, Hallwag, pp. 1-108 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn White Rhino illustration of white rhino with a third horn on the shoulder.   details Hediger, H. 1977 Zoologische Garten: gestern - heute - morgen. Bern and Stuttgart, Hallwag, pp. 1-108 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn White Rhino illustration of white rhino with a third horn on the shoulder.   details Seung Ki Lee; Young Eun Kim 1974 Studies on the compositions of hard tissue proteins extracted from bovine horn, water buffalo horn and rhinoceros horn. Korean Biochemical Journal 7 (2): 125-142 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Brooke, J. 1973 Kenya: Orphanage. Africana 5 (2): 31 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Black Rhino A 4 ? yr old rhino broke his anterior horn when he caught it between two boards. The hanging remains were amputated and the wound dressed and cleaned. The animal recovered well but lost some of his social status.   details Harrison, J. 1973 An introduction to the mammals of Sabah. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Society, pp. i-viii, 1-244 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Morphology - Horn Sumatran Rhino Borneo. the nose bears the horns, some distance apart, and not always well developed.   details Harrison, J. 1973 An introduction to the mammals of Sabah. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Society, pp. i-viii, 1-244 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Morphology - Horn Sumatran Rhino Borneo. the nose bears the horns, some distance apart, and not always well developed.   details Banerjee, R. 1972 Where flying vultures reveal secrets - Kaziranga. Cheetal 15 (1): 48-50, figs. 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species Rhinoceroses in the zoos, have been observed shedding their horns in the same way, as stags shed their antlers, but this happens only about once in ten years The new horn begins to grow again on the scar left by the old.   details Banerjee, R. 1972 Where flying vultures reveal secrets - Kaziranga. Cheetal 15 (1): 48-50, figs. 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species The horn, for which the rhinos are noted, is not made of bone or horn; it is a protuberance of the skin and consists of compressed fur-like fibres.   details Medway, Lord 1969 The wild mammals of Malaya and offshore islands, including Singapore. Kuala Lumpur, Oxford University Press, pp. i-xix, 1-127 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Sumatran Rhino The presence of two horns on the muzzle is diagnostic, but may not be obvious, especially in the wild.   details Medway, Lord 1969 The wild mammals of Malaya and offshore islands, including Singapore. Kuala Lumpur, Oxford University Press, pp. i-xix, 1-127 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Sumatran Rhino The presence of two horns on the muzzle is diagnostic, but may not be obvious, especially in the wild.   details Schaurte, W.T. 1968 Threatened species of rhinoceros in tropical S.E. Asia: pp. 284-293 In: Talbot, L.M. et al. Conservation in Tropical South East Asia. Gland, IUCN Publications: N.S. vol. 10 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species The horn of the rhinoceros differs considerably from all horns that can be found in other mammals. The Rhinoceros Horn is actually no horn at all, but is made up similarly to the skinhorns (Cornu Cutaneum) that are found as pathological growths frequently in other mammals including Homo sapiens. ...   details Bere, R.M. 1966 Wild animals in an African national park. London, Andre Deutsch, pp. 1-96 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species Both these rhinos have two horns, which are composed of a tightly packed mass of hair-like fibres growing on the nose. The front horn is the longer of the two and, in exceptional cases, may reach over fifty inches.   details Smithers, R.H.N. 1966 The mammals of Rhodesia, Zambia and Malawi. London, Collins Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn White Rhino Two horns, composed of fused epi- dermal cells, arising from the skin on the snout, the front longer than the rear. The front horn averaging, in Natal, about 24 inches and more slender than in the Black Rhino, normally curved gently backwards, the upper part in the front usually slightly flatten...   details Smithers, R.H.N. 1966 The mammals of Rhodesia, Zambia and Malawi. London, Collins Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Two horns, composed of fused epidermal cells, arising from the skin on the snout, the front longer than the rear, up to 30 inch and 19 inch respectively, average however much less.   details Smithers, R.H.N. 1966 The mammals of Rhodesia, Zambia and Malawi. London, Collins Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn White Rhino Two horns, composed of fused epi- dermal cells, arising from the skin on the snout, the front longer than the rear. The front horn averaging, in Natal, about 24 inches and more slender than in the Black Rhino, normally curved gently backwards, the upper part in the front usually slightly flatten...   details Smithers, R.H.N. 1966 The mammals of Rhodesia, Zambia and Malawi. London, Collins Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Two horns, composed of fused epidermal cells, arising from the skin on the snout, the front longer than the rear, up to 30 inch and 19 inch respectively, average however much less.   details Gewalt, W. 1965 Ein ohrmuschel- und schwanzquastenloses Spitzmaul-Nashorn ( Diceros bicornis L.). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 30: 320, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Morphology - Horn Black Rhino In Amboseli another abnormality in rhinoceros morphology has been noticed during the past few years. This is a horizontal, thin, long horn, which make their carriers, the females Gertie and Gladys, to the most photographed animals in this part of Africa.   details Bruton, R. 1963 The rhinos of South-East Asia. Conservation News 1963 August: 5-10, figs. 1-6, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Sumatran Rhino The posterior horn of the Sumatran rhino is often so poorly developed as to be invisible in the field.   details Bruton, R. 1963 The rhinos of South-East Asia. Conservation News 1963 August: 5-10, figs. 1-6, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Sumatran Rhino The posterior horn of the Sumatran rhino is often so poorly developed as to be invisible in the field.   details Bruton, R. 1963 The rhinos of South-East Asia. Conservation News 1963 August: 5-10, figs. 1-6, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino In the female Javan rhino the single horn is always poorly developed or totally absent.   details Davis, D.D. 1962 Mammals of the lowland rain-forest of North Borneo. Bulletin of the Singapore National Museum 31: 1-129, pls. 1-23, figs. 1-20 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Sumatran Rhino Two horns on the rostrum.   details Earland, C.; Blakey, P.R.; Stell, J.G.P. 1962 Molecular orientation of some keratins. Nature 196 (4861): 1287-1291, figs. 1-4, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species Orientation of keratins. There is considerable confusion in the literature regarding the structure of rhinoceros horn and an attempt to clarify the position was made by Ryder. There is no doubt that, rhino horn consists of longitudinal filaments. These tend to separate, particularly at the pro...   details Davis, D.D. 1962 Mammals of the lowland rain-forest of North Borneo. Bulletin of the Singapore National Museum 31: 1-129, pls. 1-23, figs. 1-20 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Sumatran Rhino Two horns on the rostrum.   details Nakagawa, S.; Nishiyama, T. 1959 Broken horn of black rhinoceros grows again [In Japanese]. Animals and Zoo 11 (2): 8-9, figs. 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Horn of black rhino in Tokyo zoo broke off and grows again. Measurements given.   details Jordan, A.K. 1959 Notes on the distribution of game in Northern Rhodesia, 1904-13 (annotated by W.F.H. Ansell). Northern Rhodesia Journal 4: 139-146 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Zambia Morphology - Horn Black Rhino A three horned rhino was shot at Shiwa Ngandu (in the Luangwa valley) by a Mr Austin and the head sent to the Kensington Museum in London.   details Osman Hill, W.C. 1958 Abnormal site of horn-growth in Rhinoceros unicornis Linn. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 55 (3): 553-554, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species In connection with the rubbing down of the anterior horn, Grzimek (No room for wild animals, 1956) remarks that captive rhinos shed their horns about once every ten years and it takes approximately a year to become renewed.   details Ali, S.A.; Santapau, H. 1958 Re-discovery of the smaller Asiatic onehorned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest) in Malaya. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 55 (3): 554-555, 1 plate (2 figures) Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino Horn in females small or absent   details Osman Hill, W.C. 1958 Abnormal site of horn-growth in Rhinoceros unicornis Linn. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 55 (3): 553-554, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Morphology - Horn Indian Rhino In June 1958, I received two samples of material removed from the head of a captive Indian Rhino living in the Bombay Zoo. The first sample was from the normal horn, the second was taken from an irregular horny growth which had arisen between the base of the normal horn and the forehead, approxi...   details Appelman, F.J. 1958 Ein Wort uber Ceratotherium simum cottoni. Zoologische Garten 24 (3/4): 284, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn White Rhino Although Van den Bergh said that he saw no modification in the nasal tissue of the skull at the place where the horn is attached, I found that these places are well marked. The Nasal bone, on the places where the horns have been growing, looks mushroom-like.   details Jacobi, E.F. 1957 Recuperative power of the horn of the black rhinoceros (Rhinoceros bicornis L.). Zoologische Garten 23 (1/3): 223-227, figs. 1-6 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Morphology - Horn Black Rhino In the night of 10 Nov 1954, the first horn of our female black rhino was almost completely torn losse from its base except the front part. This injury involved only a very slight bleeding. The upset animal calmed down in a day or two. The hornbase was treated with tar. Five weeks after the a...   details Burton, M. 1955 Rhinoceros horn. Illustrated London News 1955 July 21: 108 Location: Subject: Species: Africa Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species No details available yet   details Gee, E.P. 1953 The life history of the Great Indian one-horned Rhinoceros (R unicornis Linn.). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 51 (2): 341-348, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species In London on 10 August 1870, the male made freuqent attempts to raise the lower transverse bar by placing his horn under it. Eventually the horn became detached by violent pressure and rolled off into the yard. The animal appeared much hurt, and roared loudly. There was considerable loss of bl...   details Natal Parks Board 1953 Nature protection in Natal and Zululand. Oryx 2 (1): 16-18 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Morphology - Horn Black Rhino Loss of posterior horn. On 29 August 1951 there occurred in Hluhluwe GR the death of the famous old bull black rhinoceros Matilda, who in recent years must surely have become the most photographed individual animal in the world and been directly responsible for visits to the reserve of innumerab...   details Fetherstonhaugh, A.H. 1951 Rhinoceroses. Malayan Nature Journal 5: 191-193 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia - Peninsular Morphology - Horn Sumatran Rhino Malaya. The presence of a single horn. This alone is not a sure guide for the field observer as the posterior horn in R. sumatrensis is often little more than a thickening of the skin on the nose and impossible to observe accurately in jungle.   details Fetherstonhaugh, A.H. 1951 Rhinoceroses. Malayan Nature Journal 5: 191-193 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia - Peninsular Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino Malaya. The presence of a single horn. This alone is not a sure guide for the field observer as the posterior horn in R. sumatrensis is often little more than a thickening of the skin on the nose and impossible to observe accurately in jungle.   details Fetherstonhaugh, A.H. 1951 Rhinoceroses. Malayan Nature Journal 5: 191-193 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia - Peninsular Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino Malaya. The presence of a single horn. This alone is not a sure guide for the field observer as the posterior horn in R. sumatrensis is often little more than a thickening of the skin on the nose and impossible to observe accurately in jungle.   details Fetherstonhaugh, A.H. 1951 Rhinoceroses. Malayan Nature Journal 5: 191-193 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia - Peninsular Morphology - Horn Sumatran Rhino Malaya. The presence of a single horn. This alone is not a sure guide for the field observer as the posterior horn in R. sumatrensis is often little more than a thickening of the skin on the nose and impossible to observe accurately in jungle.   details Wilhelm, J.H. 1950 Das Wild des Okawangogebietes und des Caprivizipfels. Journal of the South-West Africa Scientific Society 7: 1-7 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Morphology - Horn African Rhino Species It seems that rhino sometimes hed their horns. In any case local people sometimes bring horns for sale which also show signs of lying in the sun for a long time, and which they say to have found in the bush.   details Ansell, W.F.H. 1947 A note on the position of rhinoceros in Burma. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 47 (2): 249-276, pl. 1, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino Horn in females small or absent   details Ho Van Cam 1947 Big game in Viet-Nam. Nguoi San Ban Dong Duong 1947 October 1: 33-34 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - East Asia - Vietnam Morphology - Horn Javan Rhino Horn in females small or absent   details Broom, R. 1946 The first white rhino in captivity. Natural History 55 (9): 432-433, figs. 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn White Rhino Pretoria Zoo - 2 week old female. The base of the forward horn is a smooth, rounded, hard boss; there is no trace of the other horn, though two little crescentic hollows on the sides of the brow show where it will grow. Behind her eyes are two little knobs on the cheek bones; and on the top of ...   details Broom, R. 1946 The first white rhino in captivity. Natural History 55 (9): 432-433, figs. 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn White Rhino Pretoria Zoo - 2 week old female. The base of the forward horn is a smooth, rounded, hard boss; there is no trace of the other horn, though two little crescentic hollows on the sides of the brow show where it will grow. Behind her eyes are two little knobs on the cheek bones; and on the top of ...   details Boulenger, E.G. 1937 The London Zoo. London, J.M.Dent and Sons Ltd., pp. i-ix, 1-212 Location: Subject: Species: World Morphology - Horn All Rhino Species the one or more horns upon the nose are formed of compressed hair.   details Daly, M. 1937 Big game hunting and adventure 1887-1936. London, MacMillan, pp. i-xi, 1-322 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Morphology - Horn African Rhino Species Indeed, a long-horned rhino could not live in the low hard country, if only on account of its long horn, as the long thin horn could never dig up the necessary root food in the hard ground. It would be like a man trying to dig with his bare hands in a hard ant-heap in the desert for apples. 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