Reference Base Notes for: Behaviour - Daily Routine back to search page Sort order: ------------------- Date ASC Author normal    (3) 1 2 3  Castiglioni, R.; Beccalli, M.; Gabrieli, P. 2023 Behavior of White Rhino in ex situ study: ethogram, time budget, and environmental factors XIII Convegno Nazionale della Ricerca nei Parca Bussolengo (VR): Poster presentation, 13-15 Ottobre Location: Subject: Species: Europe - Southern Europe - Italy Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino No details available yet   details Lee, V.; Man, Y.; Singapore Zoo 2015 Operant conditioning of Indian rhinos (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Night Safari (Singapore Zoo). Proceedings 5th International Congress of Zookeepers (ICZ) Leipzig, Germany Sept. 9-13: 1-14 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Singapore Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino No details available yet   details Mulama, M.J.S 2014 Habitat selection and distribution of Southern White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum Burchell 1817) translocated to Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Kenya . Doctoral thesis submitted in partial fufillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Studies of University of Eldoret, Kenya: 1-107 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino No details available yet   details Sitorus, N.J.V.; Santosa, Y.; Mustari, A.H. 2010 Perilaku berkubang Badak Jawa [Rhinoceros sondaicus] di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon (Wallowing behaviors of Javan rhinoceros [Rhinoceros sondaicus] in Ujung Kulon National Park). Media Konservasi 15 (2) Aug: 66-69, 3 figures Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Java Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino No details available yet   details Wiltgen, E.; Brookmire, P.; Nicholson, D.; Hren, R.; Khan, T.; Richard, C. 2007 Open wide: Time for training. Alive (Zoological Society of Milwaukee County) 27 (3) Fall: 8-10, 5 images Location: Subject: Species: America - North America Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino No details available yet   details Rice, M.B.; Jones, Martin 2006 Characteristics of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) bedding sites. African Journal of Ecology 44: 452-457, fig. 1, tables 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino No details available yet   details Schimdt, T. 2003 When plan A becomes plan Z: The challenges of shifting a resistant pair of Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) to a new exhibit through positive reinforcement and PATIENCE. Proceedings of the 30th National Conference of the American Association of Zoo Keeper's Inc. Cleveland, Ohio, September 26-30: 120-124 Location: Subject: Species: America - North America Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino No details available yet   details Pham Nhat; Nguyen Xuan Dang; Polet, G. 2001 Field guide to the key mammal species of Cat Tien National Park. Hanoi, WWF Cat Tien National Park Conservation Project and Fauna and Flora International - Indochina Programme., pp. 1-145 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino The Javan (Vietnamese) Rhinoceros is extremely sensitive to human activity (thus it has become nocturnal).   details Goode, R.; Lautenbach, G. 2001 White rhinos growing up. CCA Ecological Journal 3: 91 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino In July, a white rhino calf of approximately one year was seen suckling from its mother and then to watch intently as the adult cow rubbed first her face, then neck, side and rump on a frequently used Acacia rubbing post. The calf then repeated the entire rubbing process itself, step-by-step.   details Pham Nhat; Nguyen Xuan Dang; Polet, G. 2001 Field guide to the key mammal species of Cat Tien National Park. Hanoi, WWF Cat Tien National Park Conservation Project and Fauna and Flora International - Indochina Programme., pp. 1-145 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino It likes to wallow in shallow muddy pools.   details Ng, Julia S.C.; Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari; Nordin, A. 2001 Wallows and wallow utilization of the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) in a natural enclosure in Sungai Dusun Wildlife Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks (Malaysia) 19: 7-12, figs. 1-4, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia - Peninsular Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino INTRODUCTION Wallows are mud pools formed in poor drainage areas where the soil remains wet for long periods. They are widely distributed and are found in swamps and on mountain ridges. Wallows often exist individually or in a network of up to 10 pits. Wallowing, in which the animal covers itsel...   details Mkenda, E.; Butchart, D. 2000 Notes on the status of black rhino in the Ngorongoro Crater. CCA Ecological Journal 2: 68-69 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Mud bathing takes place at the hottest time of the day, either at the lake shore or in small mud pools. The rhinos which have been bathing at the saline lake often go white in colour, while those that bath elsewhere become dark brown or grey; this has led some guests to mistakenly surmise that t...   details Dennis, C. 2000 Werribee Zoo. International Zoo News 47 (2): 128 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Australia Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino A 14 yr old female Ceratotherium simum had her horn reduced by 60 cm. She and a male both regularly rub their horns on logs in their enclosure, but the female horn seemed to get longer and more tapered.   details Mkenda, E.; Butchart, D. 2000 Notes on the status of black rhino in the Ngorongoro Crater. CCA Ecological Journal 2: 68-69 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Black Rhino are most active at night, and since we are unable to drive in the Crater after dark, their movements are not fully known to us. Rhinos spend most of their day resting, when they are then often obscured by tall grass.   details Nyangwara, K.; Sigei, J.; Masibo, J. 2000 Notes on a solitary black rhino. CCA Ecological Journal 2: 53 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino This lone rhino occupies an area of about 30 km? and has a fixed daily routine. She spends a large part of each day (7h30 to 18h00) at a place we call 'Nyumba ya Faru' in the shade of Croton dichogamus thickets. In the very early morning, she is regularly found in the vicinity of a Salt Lick. ...   details Nyangwara, K.; Sigei, J.; Masibo, J. 2000 Notes on a solitary black rhino. CCA Ecological Journal 2: 53 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino She was once seen to swim across the Mara River in July 1999, even though the water level was high, but soon returned to our western side.   details Planton, H. 1999 Rhinoceros noir du Nord Ouest de l'Afrique (Diceros bicornis longipes): le compte a rebours continue. Pachyderm 27: 86-100, figs. 1-6, photo 1-8, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Western Africa - Cameroon Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino They usually drink every night or early morning, and they love to wallow in mud during the morning hours. They also frequent salt licks. Then they eat and then rest to hide from the heat, often under trees or in swampy places until late afternoon if they are not disturbed.   details Karindawaro, S.M. 1999 Gone fishing at Malilangwe. Zimbabwe Wildlife 1999 July-September: 25, 27, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Zimbabwe Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino Malilngwe in the lowveld. We saw several telephone poles brought down by a rhino. The bull responsible had been busy rubbing its body against the poles. We then saw the rhino busy massaging its body against a telephone pole.   details Neuschulz, N.; Meister, J. 1998 Nashoernern auf der Spur: Leben und uberleben einer stark bedrohten Tierfamilie. Erfurt, Verein der Zooparkfreunde in Erfurt e.V., pp. 1-52 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino The compact form of the rhino makes the relation between body surface and body volume to be unfavourable. The animals can only release little heat into the air, which is why all rhinos wallow. The frequent mudbath also helps in skincare and against sunburn.   details Neuschulz, N.; Meister, J. 1998 Nashoernern auf der Spur: Leben und uberleben einer stark bedrohten Tierfamilie. Erfurt, Verein der Zooparkfreunde in Erfurt e.V., pp. 1-52 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino They are usually active by day and dusk.   details Neuschulz, N.; Meister, J. 1998 Nashoernern auf der Spur: Leben und uberleben einer stark bedrohten Tierfamilie. Erfurt, Verein der Zooparkfreunde in Erfurt e.V., pp. 1-52 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Active by day.   details Neuschulz, N.; Meister, J. 1998 Nashoernern auf der Spur: Leben und uberleben einer stark bedrohten Tierfamilie. Erfurt, Verein der Zooparkfreunde in Erfurt e.V., pp. 1-52 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino Active usually by day.   details Adcock, K.; Hansen, H.; Lindemann, H. 1998 Lessons from the introduced black rhino population in Pilanesberg National Park. Pachyderm 26: 40-51, figs. 1-5, tables 1-4, photos 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Males from 8-10 yrs old and onwards, they wandered further afield than before, their ranges still overlapping each other and those of old bulls. It is supposed that by this age the males still have not established their home range or territory.   details Berger, J.; Cunningham, C. 1998 Behavioural ecology in managed reserves: gender-based asymmetries in interspecific dominance in African elephants and rhinos. Animal Conservation 1 (1): 33-38, figs. 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino In Etosha, rhinos and elephants are most active at night.   details Neuschulz, N.; Meister, J. 1998 Nashoernern auf der Spur: Leben und uberleben einer stark bedrohten Tierfamilie. Erfurt, Verein der Zooparkfreunde in Erfurt e.V., pp. 1-52 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Generally active by day.   details Neuschulz, N.; Meister, J. 1998 Nashoernern auf der Spur: Leben und uberleben einer stark bedrohten Tierfamilie. Erfurt, Verein der Zooparkfreunde in Erfurt e.V., pp. 1-52 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino They can swim and dive well.   details Lewa Wildlife Conservancy 1997 [Notes]. Newsletter Lewa Wildlife Conservancy no. 5 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino On Jillai's death all the rangers conducted a major search, and after a full day her small calf was recovered about 800m away. This was most interesting as it proved that black rhino do hide their calves and go to water, which has previously been reported but never one hundred percent confirmed.   details Choudhury, A. 1996 The greater one-horned rhino outside protected areas in Assam, India. Pachyderm 22: 7-9, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino Individual animals often wander as far as about 200 km.   details Clarbrough, M.L. 1996 Ujung Kulon National Park: handbook. Ministry of Forests, Indonesia, pp. 1-74 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino They like wallowing in mud pools   details Bist, S.S. 1995 Population history of Great Indian rhinoceros in North Bengal and major factors influencing the same: pp. 75-84, maps 1-2, tables 1-28 In: Molur, S. et al. Report: Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) Workshop, Great Indian one-horned rhinoceros, Jaldapara, 1993. Coimbatore, CBSG India Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - West Bengal Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino Rhinos of Gorumara are known to wander off. In March 1989, one female wandered into Bangladesh and had to be physically brought back. Another female strayed into the forests of Apalchand range and moved as far west across the river Teestato Mahananda sanctuary. It died in Apalchand forests in ...   details Loutit, B.D. 1995 Rhino protection in communal areas, Namibia. Pachyderm 20: 31-32, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino However, those that do stray into the eastern, more populated areas, which have higher rainfall and more vegetation, are young, sub-adults looking for new home ranges in which to settle. These animals are known to be inquisitive and they even walk into human settlements where they are sometimes ...   details Alderlieste, C. 1995 Neushoorns in de mist. Dieren 11 (5): 152-157, figs. 1-10 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino Rhinos deposit their dung often for months, sometimes for years, at the same site, by which dungheaps several metres high are formed.   details Pienaar, D.J. 1994 Social organization and behaviour of the white rhinoceros: pp. 87-92, tables 1-2 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino Territorial bulls ejected their urine in powerful sprays, while subordinate bulls and cows urinated in a conventional stream.   details Pienaar, D.J. 1994 Habitat preference of the white rhino in the Kruger National Park: pp. 59-64, figs. 1-2 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino White rhinoceroses are also very partial to wallowing in the mud-holes that form on the clayey soil on the bottom-lands. It seems thus that the Combretum woodland landscapes fulfil most of the white rhinoceros's needs. Wallowing also took place at waterholes. White rhino either rolled in muddy...   details Pienaar, D.J. 1994 Habitat preference of the white rhino in the Kruger National Park: pp. 59-64, figs. 1-2 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino Field observations have shown that in the mornings white rhinoceros feed by preference on the shade-loving grasses such as Panicum maximum that grow on the riverbanks. When it gets warm they utilize the watersheds to rest in the shade. The catenary sequence (Figure 2) in the Combretum landscape...   details Pienaar, D.J. 1994 Habitat preference of the white rhino in the Kruger National Park: pp. 59-64, figs. 1-2 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino White rhinos are dependant on regular access to surface water and will drink daily or twice daily during the wet season when water is abundantly available. During the dry season some animals are forced to make a journey to longer-lasting waterholes and drinking frequency was reduced to 2-4 day i...   details Pienaar, D.J. 1994 Social organization and behaviour of the white rhinoceros: pp. 87-92, tables 1-2 In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino Territorial males scattered their dung after defecating, while subordinate males, females and subadults did not scatter their dung or only made a few ineffectual kicking movements.   details Rabinowitz, A. 1994 On the horns of a dilemma. Wildlife Conservation 97 (5): 32-39, figs. 1-6 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Malaysia - Sarawak Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Another distinctive trait is the habit of taking mud baths several times a day. Where they travel regularly, rhinos make wallows, or depressions in the soil, that often take on the shape of the animal. These wallows are filled with a clay 'broth' that covers the rhino's body with a layer of mud...   details Viljoen, P. 1992 Aerial census to gauge population trends. Custos 21 (4): 42-46, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Individual recognizable rhinos were observed at localities up to 100 km apart.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino The territorial bull alone sprays urine which is directed backwards between the hind legs. Sometimes the urine emerges as a stream and the dung is deposited without scattering. These actions are common near territorial boundaries, but may take place anywhere within the territory. However, when...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino Having defecated, he scatters his dung by kicking with the back feet. Sometimes the urine emerges as a stream and the dung is deposited without scattering. These actions are common near territorial boundaries, but may take place anywhere within the territory.   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Black rhinoceros deposit their dung in latrines but will also defecate on paths or fortuitously anywhere in their home range. The latrines may be used by a number of individuals. Usually a small bush marks the centre of the latrine. After deposition the dung is vigorously scraped by the bulls ...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Urination may take place in a fine stream or the urine may be ejected by the bulls in a spray in short bursts, backwards on to a bush or other object. Cows likewise, when moving, may squirt small quantities of urine. Spraying of urine may have the effect of advertising the individual's presence...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino During the heat of day they retire to the shade of thickets or woodland to sleep, either standing motionless or lying with their legs curled under them. They tend to rest on the tops of ridges but they will also lie in dusty hollows, sometimes in the full sun, or by water holes or mud wallows. ...   details Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N. 1990 The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, pp. i-xxxii, 1-771 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino During the summer months, white rhinoceros indulge in mud-wallowing or lying in muddy pools as a means of thermoregulation, but more especially for the purpose of coating the body with a layer of mud as a means of ridding themselves of ecto-parasites. Following mud-wallowing they will rub themse...   details Kiwia, H.D. 1989 Ranging patterns of the black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis (L.)) in Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology 27: 305-312, figs. 1-3, tables 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Sub-adult males and bulls spray-urinated when walking from one station to the other and especially when bulls were courting females. Bulls spray-urinate more often when courting females than when engaged in other activities. Also when courting, male A was twice observed scraping dung piles very...   details Dutta, G.C.; Bhattacharyya 1989 Some observations on daily habitual activity of one horned rhinoceros. Zoos Print 4 (11): 19, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino They are seen grazing at dawn and morning from 3 am to 10 am and evening 3 p, to 10 pm. In March the pattern was one day: Grazing from 4 am to 9.25 am. Then it entered the tall grasses for resting. At 10 am it approached the mud wallow to cool the body and rested up to 2.30 pm. Then grazing i...   details Kiwia, H.D. 1989 Ranging patterns of the black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis (L.)) in Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology 27: 305-312, figs. 1-3, tables 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Densities of dung piles in Lerai forest and in the open grassland sample area were 78.5 and 9.3 per km? respectively (Fig. 2a & b). Eighty-two per cent of the piles in the forest and 97% in the grassland were deposited within a meter of the main rhino tracks (Fig. 3a & b). Over 60% of all defae...   details Meckvichai, C. 1987 On the status of the Sumatran rhino in captivity in Thailand. Rimba Indonesia 21 (1): 57-58 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino The animal was seen defecating often into the water.   details Anonymous 1987 Renosters laat Eskom kop krap. Custos 16 (3): 8, figs. 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino White rhinos in Sabie Sand Game Reserve use the electricity poles leading to the lodge and waterholes in the reserve as rubbing posts. The problem was solved by reinstating the poles and surround them with large boulders. Parts of the damaged poles were put back again for the rhinos to use as r...   details Happold, D.C.D. 1987 The mammals of Nigeria. Oxford, Clarendon Press, pp. i-xvii, 1-402 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Mostly nocturnal, but they also feed and drink during the day except during the hottest hours when they rest in the shade of trees, or wallow in mud to keep cool. Their activity patterns vary depending on the air temperature, season and locality.   details Atmawidjaja, R. 1987 Country report - Indonesia: Rhino management in Indonesia. Rimba Indonesia 21 (1): 70-74 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Active in the night (nocturnal).   details Cranbrook, Earl of 1987 Riches of the wild: land mammals of South-East Asia. Singapore, Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, pp. i-vii, 1-95 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino They deposit their dung at fixed points where large piles of their nodular droppings accumulate.   details Cranbrook, Earl of 1987 Riches of the wild: land mammals of South-East Asia. Singapore, Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, pp. i-vii, 1-95 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino They make wallows in muddy ground and frequent mineral springs.   details Nardelli, F. 1985 The Sumatran Rhinoceros Project. Help Newsletter, Port Lympne 7: 4-8, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino For most of the time they are nocturnal, wandering about in a large territory, though the males seem to cover more ground than the females.   details Choudhury, A. 1985 Distribution of Indian one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Tiger Paper 12 (2): 25-30, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India Behaviour - Daily Routine Asian Rhino Species With map of this trek. On January 23, 1984 the author saw a female rhino near Nagarbera village (about 100 km. west of Gauhati). This rhino is believed to have left Pabitara Wildlife Sanctuary towards the end of December 1983 along with a male. Subsequently the male was killed and the female w...   details Nardelli, F. 1985 The Sumatran Rhinoceros Project. Help Newsletter, Port Lympne 7: 4-8, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino wandering about in a large territory, though the males seem to cover more ground than the females.   details Nardelli, F. 1985 The Sumatran Rhinoceros Project. Help Newsletter, Port Lympne 7: 4-8, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Urine sprayed on the leaves of plants along the trails is a sign of the presence of rhinos, while twisted saplings may show the boundaries of particular animals' territories, especially those of males.   details Nardelli, F. 1985 The Sumatran Rhinoceros Project. Help Newsletter, Port Lympne 7: 4-8, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Along these paths, droppings are often left in specific, recognized areas, although rhinos may also defecate in water, if there is a stream or pond nearby.   details Nardelli, F. 1985 The Sumatran Rhinoceros Project. Help Newsletter, Port Lympne 7: 4-8, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Main tracks may connect wallowing places too, as it is essential for the Sumatran rhino to have baths or wallows in mud as often as once or twice each day, for several hours at a time, in order to keep its skin healthy, free of cracks, parasites, and inflammation. Streams with stony beds or pool...   details Negi, S.S. 1985 Himalayan wildlife: an introduction. Dehradun, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, pp. i-ii, i-iv, 1-149 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino Rhinoceros are fond of wallowing in water, wet mud or even sand, particularly during the hot season.   details Jachman, H. 1984 Status of the Mwabvi rhino (Diceros bicornis). Nyala 10 (2): 77-90, figs. 1-8, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Malawi Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Although the rhino spent most of the daytime in the thicket and riverine vegetations, it was observed from spoor and middens that during the night they spent significant amount of time browsing in the open mixed woodland.   details Jachman, H. 1984 Status of the Mwabvi rhino (Diceros bicornis). Nyala 10 (2): 77-90, figs. 1-8, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Malawi Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino The overall distribution of rhino does not seem to change much over the seasons, as old and fresh middens and spoor were evenly distributed over the entire area. The availability of water appears to be the main factor determining minor occupancy differences over the seasons.   details Prater, S.H. 1980 The book of Indian animals. Bombay etc., Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press, pp. i-xxiii, 1-324 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino The night and early morning are spent in wandering about and feeding, the hot hours of the day in rest in some cool and shaded spot.   details Prater, S.H. 1980 The book of Indian animals. Bombay etc., Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press, pp. i-xxiii, 1-324 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino Along the numerous rivers which flow through the jungles of the Nepal Terai the rhino has particular places for dropping its excreta; so mounds accumulate in places. In approaching these spots a rhinoceros walks backwards and falls an easy victim to poachers.   details Prater, S.H. 1980 The book of Indian animals. Bombay etc., Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press, pp. i-xxiii, 1-324 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Collections of dung found in particular places reveal a habit similar to that noticed with the Great Indian One horned Rhinoceros.   details Prater, S.H. 1980 The book of Indian animals. Bombay etc., Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press, pp. i-xxiii, 1-324 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino They enter streams by night and also during the hot hours of the day. In suitable spots there are regular wallows or mud-baths in which the huge creatures roll much as buffaloes and pigs do. As a result of this habit their bodies are always well coated with mud. They visit the wallows singly, ...   details Veevers-Carter, W. 1979 Land mammals of Indonesia. Jakarta, PT Intermasa Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino They wallow frequently so that their thick almost hairless skins are usually covered with mud. This keeps them cool and protects them from insects, just as it does the water buffalo.   details Banks, E. 1978 Mammals from Borneo. Brunei Museum Journal 4 (2): 165-227, pls. 1-14 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Coming back from the top of Mulu, I found a Rhino had crossed our upward track it had made a prodigious leap and disappeared down a very awkward gully. The general opinion was it would not stop running all day. Rhinos may look clumsy and awkward but they are very strong and agile. The steepest...   details Banks, E. 1978 Mammals from Borneo. Brunei Museum Journal 4 (2): 165-227, pls. 1-14 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Places to wallow in the mud were always necessary. I saw a good one in the Ular Bulu mountains on the water-shed between the Rejang river and the Mukah river. Afterwards it had rubbed against a smooth rock, probably used on many previous occasions.   details Banks, E. 1978 Mammals from Borneo. Brunei Museum Journal 4 (2): 165-227, pls. 1-14 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino There seemed to be no feeding and sleeping times, it was on the go all day.   details Banks, E. 1978 Mammals from Borneo. Brunei Museum Journal 4 (2): 165-227, pls. 1-14 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Defecation takes place in water as well as on land, the droppings round like tennis balls but I have never seen or heard of the pyramids of cannon balls piled in one place.   details Banks, E. 1978 Mammals from Borneo. Brunei Museum Journal 4 (2): 165-227, pls. 1-14 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino The male organ points backwards between the hind legs, urine is said to be sprayed along the back track for as much as half an hours walk, sometimes six feet off the ground and twenty feet away.   details Banks, E. 1978 Mammals from Borneo. Brunei Museum Journal 4 (2): 165-227, pls. 1-14 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Borneo Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino Places to wallow in the mud were always necessary. I saw a good one in the Ular Bulu mountains on the water-shed between the Rejang river and the Mukah river. The crest of the ridge went up and down and in one of the downs a Rhino had made a muddy pond about ten feet by five feet and three feet...   details Preez, J.S.du; Grobler, I.D. 1977 Drinking times and behaviour at waterholes of some game species in the Etosha National Park. Madoqua 10 (1): 61-69, figs. 1-12 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino The small sample of black rhinoceros (n=36) indicates that these animals prefer drinking from late afternoon to late evening, with a peak between 20h00 and 21h00. The rhinoceros is classed as an 'evening drinker.'   details Nairobi National Park 1976 Animal orphanage. Nairobi, Ophanage, pp. 1-16 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Black rhinos do not migrate far.   details Neese, H.C. 1976 Kouprey clues & rhino news. Wildlife 1976: 410-411, figs. 1-3 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - East Asia - Laos Behaviour - Daily Routine Javan Rhino Rhinos are apparently seen only at the end of the dry season (April and May) and at the beginning of the rainy season (May and June). In this period they seem to spend their time in or near ponds, creeks, or rivers. Rhinos and elephants live in the same kind of habitat, which might explain why m...   details Laurie, W.A. 1976 The Greater One-Horned rhinoceros in Royal Chitawan National Park, Nepal. Animal Kingdom 78 (4) Aug-Sept: front cover, 1 image Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - Nepal Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino No details available yet   details Wilson, V.J. 1975 Mammals of the Wankie National Park, Rhodesia. Salisbury, National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia, Museum memoir no.5, pp. i-iii, 1-147 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Zimbabwe Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino A male and female were seen wallowing in the mud.   details Jarman, P.J. 1972 The use of drinking sites, wallows and salt licks by herbivores in the flooded Middle Zambezi Valley. East African Wildlife Journal 10: 193-209, tables 1-11 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Zimbabwe Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Wallows used by buffalo and rhinoceros may consist simply of an area of churned up, damp mud, insufficiently deep to act as a pool. Both these species apply mud to themselves by rolling and wallowing, and have no effective means of scooping it up unto themselves. Rhinoceros will horn the soil a...   details Herbert, H.J.; Austen, B. 1972 The past and present distribution of the black and square lipped rhinoceros in the Wankie National Park. Arnoldia 5 (26): 1-6, map 1, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Zimbabwe Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino Introduced Ceratotherium simum: 6 animals moved to Botswana, 2 died at Odiakwe, Botswana, 140 miles west of the release site.   details Banerjee, R. 1972 Where flying vultures reveal secrets - Kaziranga. Cheetal 15 (1): 48-50, figs. 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino They have also fixed dung places and each beast has its own wallow. This unfortunate habit helps the poachers to kill them by the pit method.   details Kakati, B.N.; Rajkonwar, C.J. 1972 Some observations on the reproductive behaviour of Rhinoceros unicornis. Indian Forester 98: 357-358, pl. 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino Defecates in a particular spot where one can see heaps of dung.   details Banerjee, R. 1972 Where flying vultures reveal secrets - Kaziranga. Cheetal 15 (1): 48-50, figs. 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino They have also fixed dung places and each beast has its own wallow. This unfortunate habit helps the poachers to kill them by the pit method.   details Kakati, B.N.; Rajkonwar, C.J. 1972 Some observations on the reproductive behaviour of Rhinoceros unicornis. Indian Forester 98: 357-358, pl. 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Indian Rhino is a wallower   details Gramowsky, R. 1971 More on rubbing stones. African Wildlife 25 (4): 155, figs. 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Rubbing stone in Kaokoveld. One is frequented by elephant and warthog, another is used by rhino only. We have seen and found that the rhino will not use the elephant stone and vice versa. The elephant will pass the rhino stone, although sniffing at the stone without rubbing. So also does the ...   details Skead, C.J. 1971 Puzzle of rubbing-stones. African Wildlife 25 (1): 36-37, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Two rubbing stones figured which used to stand beside the Port Elizabeth Museum in Bird Street. About 1.5 m and 90 cm high. Probably collected and donated to the museum by Mr. Katzenellenbogen in about 1910, found on a small hill between Mafeking and Vryburg. An examination of the two stones r...   details Kerr, M.A.; Fothergill, R. 1971 Black rhinoceros in Rhodesia. Oryx 11 (2/3): 129-134, fig. 1, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Zimbabwe Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Fothergill, who was in charge of rescue operations, found that rhinoceros were very poor swimmers and once out of their depth would return to land.   details Uys, J.M.C. 1971 More on rubbing stones. African Wildlife 25 (4): 155, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino I have come across numerous rubbing places in my travels, but can only think of 5 such places where the rocks were other than sandstone. In the Kafue NP in Zambia I know of three such rocks (still being used) but in each case there is the possibility that water had something to do with it somewh...   details Pienaar, U. de V. 1970 The recolonisation history of the square-lipped (white) rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum simum (Burchell) in the Kruger National Park (October 1961 - November 1969). Koedoe 13: 157-169, pls. 1-4, figs. 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino As could be expected, the first few rhinos released directly in the strange surroundings at Doispane and Skurukwane, during the latter half of 1963, took a considerable time to settle down in their new home. Some of the animals wandered great distances during this period, but it was significant ...   details Medway, Lord 1969 The wild mammals of Malaya and offshore islands, including Singapore. Kuala Lumpur, Oxford University Press, pp. i-xix, 1-127 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Sumatran Rhino The dung is similar to that of the tapir, but the nodules are larger, about 9 cm in greatest diameter.   details Child, G. 1968 Behaviour of large mammals during the formation of Lake Kariba. Salisbury and Bulawayo, Trustees of the National Museums of Rhodesia, pp. i-vi, 1-123 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino The only reference found in the literature to their swimming is the description by Harthoorn and Lock (1960) of one which had to swim at Kariba. Here, there were several additional records of rhino swimming up to 20 or 25 yards, which was approaching the limit of their endurance, as black rhino ...   details Foster, J.B. 1967 The square-lipped rhino (Ceratotherium simum cottoni (Lydekker)) in Uganda. East African Wildlife Journal 5: 167-171, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Uganda Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino The movements of the rhino within the Reserve are clearly correlated with the occurrence of rain. Water is probably necessary for regular watering and mud wallows may also be an essential part of the habitat. During the dry season the rhino descend into the Ala and Obei swamps bordering on the ...   details Klingel, H.; Klingel, U. 1966 The rhinoceroses of Ngorongoro Crater. Oryx 8 (5): 302-306, figs. 1-5, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Bulls and also cows were observed using the same defecation places over and over again, and spreading the dung with their hind legs in the well known manner. Obviously this behaviour serves to mark the home range of an individual, which, however, often overlaps with that of a neighbour. We have...   details Smithers, R.H.N. 1966 The mammals of Rhodesia, Zambia and Malawi. London, Collins Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino Tends to deposit its excrement in the same place, large piles eventually accumulating.   details Smithers, R.H.N. 1966 The mammals of Rhodesia, Zambia and Malawi. London, Collins Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Predominantly diurnal, but will water and move at night. Dependent on a plentiful water supply.   details Smithers, R.H.N. 1966 The mammals of Rhodesia, Zambia and Malawi. London, Collins Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino Very fond of mud wallows.   details Smithers, R.H.N. 1966 The mammals of Rhodesia, Zambia and Malawi. London, Collins Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino Feeding in the late afternoon and early morning, they normally take to the shade of thick bush during the heat of the day, where they sleep standing up or lying down with their feet doubled up under them, or on their sides. Dependent on water, drinking at night and very fond of wallowing in mud....   details Dales, D.H. 1966 Black and white rhinos in the Umfolosi Game Reserve. Redwing, Journal of the S. Andrew's College Natural History Society 1966: 32 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Behaviour - Daily Routine White Rhino The white rhino bull is very territorial in his habitat. He claims an area of bush for himself and then makes heaps of dung, known as middens, to mark the boundary. The black rhino on the other hand, prefers to roam.   details Dales, D.H. 1966 Black and white rhinos in the Umfolosi Game Reserve. Redwing, Journal of the S. Andrew's College Natural History Society 1966: 32 Location: Subject: Species: World Behaviour - Daily Routine Black Rhino The black rhino on the other hand, prefers to roam.   details back to search page Sort order: ------------------- Date ASC Author normal    (3) 1 2 3