Reference Base Notes for: Ecology - Population back to search page Sort order: ------------------- Date ASC Author normal    (2) 1 2  Mundy, P.J. 1984 Rhinoceros in South and South West Africa. Proceedings of a Workshop held at Pilanesberg Game Reserve, Bophuthatswana, 15 and 16 February 1984. Johannesburg, Endangered Wildlife Trust, pp. 1-25 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Black Rhino The Natal population has 19 animals p.a. for translocation, at a 4,5% rate of increase. The Kruger National Park population has a 9% rate of increase.   details Brooks, M. 1984 Notes In: Mundy, P.J. Rhinoceros in South and South West Africa. Proceedings of a Workshop held at Pilanesberg Game Reserve, Bophuthatswana, 15 and 16 February 1984. Johannesburg, Endangered Wildlife Trust: pp. 1-25 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Black Rhino 'Carrying capacity' is a difficult figure to calculate. The ecological carrying capacity of an area is assumed to have been reached when negative feed-backs (from food avid social pressures) result in a stable population size. Black rhinos indicate clearly when they have reached carrying capaci...   details Mundy, P.J. 1984 Rhinoceros in South and South West Africa. Proceedings of a Workshop held at Pilanesberg Game Reserve, Bophuthatswana, 15 and 16 February 1984. Johannesburg, Endangered Wildlife Trust, pp. 1-25 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Africa Ecology - Population Black Rhino Earlier, the Johannesburg zoo had a black rhino in captivity for 34 years.   details Jachman, H. 1984 Status of the Mwabvi rhino (Diceros bicornis). Nyala 10 (2): 77-90, figs. 1-8, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Malawi Ecology - Population Black Rhino The footprint and droppings method were not suitable for accurately determining the home ranges of the individual animals, firstly because no footprints could be found in areas with a rocky soil texture and, secondly because not enough boli of the various animals were found of which the circumfer...   details Brooks, M. 1984 Notes In: Mundy, P.J. Rhinoceros in South and South West Africa. Proceedings of a Workshop held at Pilanesberg Game Reserve, Bophuthatswana, 15 and 16 February 1984. Johannesburg, Endangered Wildlife Trust: pp. 1-25 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Ecology - Population White Rhino Currently, the age ratios for Hluhluwe-Umfolozi are about 75% adults, 10% immatures, and 15% juveniles, whilst recently in Mkuzi the adult segment comprises only 60%.   details Hall-Martin, A. 1984 Kenya's black rhino in Addo, S Africa. Newsletter of the African Elephant and Rhino Group 3: 11, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Ecology - Population White Rhino A 'pool' of known-aged animals in the Pretoriuskop area has been watched by T. Mostert, and these observations have provided very useful data. For example, of 27 births the sex ratio was skewed to two males to one female. Over the years, the juveniles have comprised 5,5% - 13,9% of the populati...   details Brooks, M. 1984 Notes In: Mundy, P.J. Rhinoceros in South and South West Africa. Proceedings of a Workshop held at Pilanesberg Game Reserve, Bophuthatswana, 15 and 16 February 1984. Johannesburg, Endangered Wildlife Trust: pp. 1-25 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Black Rhino DEnsities. Hluhluwe-Umfolozi ca. 300, natural population at 033 per km? Mkuzi 120 - natural population at 0.39 per km? The overall density is 0,31 per km?, or one animal per 3,23 km?   details Mundy, P.J. 1984 Rhinoceros in South and South West Africa. Proceedings of a Workshop held at Pilanesberg Game Reserve, Bophuthatswana, 15 and 16 February 1984. Johannesburg, Endangered Wildlife Trust, pp. 1-25 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Ecology - Population White Rhino The population had 21% juveniles. This indicates a high recruitment rate of 26%, probably due to the introduced population comprising initially a high proportion of sexually mature animals.   details Brooks, M. 1983 South Africa celebrates rhino successes. Newsletter of the African Elephant and Rhino Group 2: 15-16 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Ecology - Population Black Rhino A game count in 1961 produced a population estimate of 300 for Hluhluwe, with densities ranging from 0.6 to 1.7 rhinos/ km?. The same year a population crash occurred in the north-eastern area of the reserve with 46 animals dying over a four month period. These events were reported by Peter Hit...   details Borner, M. 1981 Black rhino disaster in Tanzania. Oryx 16 (1): 59-66, figs. 1-5 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Black Rhino Black rhinos are by nature solitary and have a low population density. They communicate with one another and orientate within the home range largely by scent marks. In a drastically reduced population the marking system cannot be maintained, so that intra-specific communication is greatly reduc...   details Jones, M.L. 1979 Longevity of mammals in captivity. International Zoo News 26 (3): 16-26 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Black Rhino Diceros bicornis, maximum 43 yrs 4 mo, died 1978   details Jones, M.L. 1979 Longevity of mammals in captivity. International Zoo News 26 (3): 16-26 Location: Subject: Species: Captive Ecology - Population Indian Rhino Rhinoceros unicornis, maximum 40 yrs 4 months, died 1904.   details Makacha, S.; Mollel, C.L.; Rwezaura, J. 1979 The conservation status of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis, L) in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology 17: 97-103, figs. 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania Ecology - Population Black Rhino No details available yet   details Van Lavieren, L.P.; Esser, J.D 1979 Numbers, distribution and habitat preference of large mammals in Bouba Ndjida National Park, Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology 17: 141-153, figs. 1-4, tables 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Western Africa - Cameroon Ecology - Population Black Rhino Population density calculated at 0.02 per km? in one area, and 0.08 per km? in another area of the park   details Hall-Martin, A. 1979 Black rhinoceros in Southern Africa. Oryx 15 (1): 26-32, figs. 1-2, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Ecology - Population Black Rhino By 1961 numbers had increased to 300 in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve alone. However, the incredibly high population density of 1.1 animals per sq. km was probably excessive and a die-off of 15 per cent occurred over a four-month period in that year.   details Jones, M.L. 1979 Longevity of mammals in captivity. International Zoo News 26 (3): 16-26 Location: Subject: Species: Captive Ecology - Population White Rhino Ceratotherium simum simum, maximum 31 yrs 0 months, alive 1977, Ceratotherium simum cottoni, maximum 28 yrs 5 mo, alive 1978   details Jones, M.L. 1979 Longevity of mammals in captivity. International Zoo News 26 (3): 16-26 Location: Subject: Species: Captive Ecology - Population Sumatran Rhino Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, maximum 32 yrs 8 mo, died 1900.   details Bigalke, R.C. 1978 Mammals: pp. 981-1048 In: Werger, M.J.A. Biogeography and ecology of Southern Africa. Amsterdam, Junk (Monographia Biologicae, vol. 31): vol. 2, pp. 663-1439 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population White Rhino Home range sizes in thickets were about 2 km? and in savanna 4-4.5 km? in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve (Hitchins 1969). Joubert & Eloff found them to vary from 30 to 40 sq.km in their very dry study area, the largest being in the most and parts. The black rhinoceros is dependent on drinking water...   details Hofmeyr, J.M. 1975 The adaptation of wild animals translocated to new areas in South West Africa: pp. 126-131, fig. 1 In: Reid, R.L. Proceedings of the Third World Confence on animal production. Sydney, Sydney University Press Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Namibia Ecology - Population Black Rhino The largest concentration occurs in the Koabendes-Kaross paddock with an estimated population density of one rhino to 600 ha.   details Lahan, P.; Sonowal, R.N. 1973 Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary, Assam: a brief description and report on the census of large animals (March 1972). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 70 (2): 245-278, tables 1-6 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Ecology - Population Indian Rhino From the figures for the last seven years the average mortality of rhinos is 30 annually which is 4.6 % of the total rhinos counted during this year. On the basis of these figures the annual rate of growth of rhino population in Kaziranga comes to 37 which is 5.6 % of the population. Approximate...   details Lahan, P.; Sonowal, R.N. 1973 Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary, Assam: a brief description and report on the census of large animals (March 1972). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 70 (2): 245-278, tables 1-6 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Indian Rhino In a population of 658 rhinos there were 67 adult females with. calves less than one year old. That is 10.2 % of the total population were calves less than one year old representing the annual rate of calving. Again out of 188 adult females 67 were with calves. That is 35.6 % of the total adul...   details Lahan, P.; Sonowal, R.N. 1973 Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary, Assam: a brief description and report on the census of large animals (March 1972). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 70 (2): 245-278, tables 1-6 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Ecology - Population Indian Rhino Thus it is seen that in Baguri block there is 1 rhino in every 55 acres against 1 rhino in every 142.2 acres for the whole sanctuary. The nature of vegetation and availability of fodder grasses in the remaining parts of the Sanctuary have no appreciable difference with that of Baguri block. The...   details Lahan, P.; Sonowal, R.N. 1973 Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary, Assam: a brief description and report on the census of large animals (March 1972). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 70 (2): 245-278, tables 1-6 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Ecology - Population Indian Rhino Out of the total count of 658 rhinos 472 were classified into males and females. Of the entire adult population of 391 rhinos, 203 males and 188 females (including the 67 mothers). The sex ratio in the adult population thus works out to 100 males for 92 females. In case of 81 young rhinos o...   details Mentis, M.T. 1972 A review of some life history features of the large herbivores of Africa. Lammergeyer 16: 1-89 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Black Rhino Records of longevity in captivity (Reynolds 1962): there are numerous instances of captive animals exceeding 20 years of age, and the following three exceeding 30 years: Male 34 yrs 14 days in Johannesburg Male 34 years in Chicago Female 36 years in Chicago and still living In addition, Godda...   details Mentis, M.T. 1972 A review of some life history features of the large herbivores of Africa. Lammergeyer 16: 1-89 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population White Rhino Population sex ratios: n=409 males 213 females 188 n=226 males 116 females 110 Concludes sex ration 1:1 (Vincent 1969)   details Nandi, S.; Deb, S.K. 1972 Horn cancer in rhinoceros. Indian Veterinary Journal 49: 881-882 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Ecology - Population Indian Rhino An ulcerated wound which intermittently bled was reported at the base of the horn in a 47 year old male rhinoceros in the Calcutta Zoological Gardens, Alipore, in May, 1970.   details Mentis, M.T. 1972 A review of some life history features of the large herbivores of Africa. Lammergeyer 16: 1-89 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Black Rhino The following figures show little departure from a sex ration of 1: 1 (from Goddard 1967, 1970; Hitchins 1968): Male Female Adults 37 29 22 19 87 81 167 170 Immatures 19 21 & junveniles 18 14 16 15 Immatures 27 42...   details Mentis, M.T. 1972 A review of some life history features of the large herbivores of Africa. Lammergeyer 16: 1-89 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population White Rhino Female 21 years (Huntley 1967). female 36 years old still bearing calves (Player & Feely 1960).   details Kerr, M.A.; Fothergill, R. 1971 Black rhinoceros in Rhodesia. Oryx 11 (2/3): 129-134, fig. 1, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Zimbabwe Ecology - Population Black Rhino Roth and Child (1968) investigated the density and structure of the rhinoceros population marooned on the islands in Lake Kariba during the rescue operations between 1959 and 1963. The overall mean density in the studied area between the Sanyati and Mwenda rivers was one rhinoceros per 4.5 - 5.3...   details Bigalke, R.D.; Keep, M.E.; Keep, P.J.; Schoeman, J.H. 1970 A large Babesia sp. and a Theileria-like piroplasm of the square-lipped rhinoceros. Journal of the South African Veterinary Medicine Association 41 (4): 292-294, figs. 1-2, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Ecology - Population White Rhino A total number of 106 animals were involved of which 64 were adults, 27 subadults and 15 calves. Individuals still accompanied by an adult cow were regarded as calves; except for one animal, which was about two months old, their ages were probably between nine months and three years. Those cons...   details Medway, Lord 1969 The wild mammals of Malaya and offshore islands, including Singapore. Kuala Lumpur, Oxford University Press, pp. i-xix, 1-127 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Indian Rhino The longevity record in captivity is held by a male which was taken at about eighteen months of age and survived a further 21 years.   details Medway, Lord 1969 The wild mammals of Malaya and offshore islands, including Singapore. Kuala Lumpur, Oxford University Press, pp. i-xix, 1-127 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Sumatran Rhino Longest recorded life span, a female which lived in captivity for 32 years 7 months.   details McCulloch, B.; Achard, P.L. 1969 Mortalities associated with the capture, translocation, trade and exhibition of black rhinoceroses, Diceros bicornis. International Zoo Yearbook 9: 184-191 Location: Subject: Species: Africa Ecology - Population African Rhino Species The Black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis will not usually retreat before human encroachment and, as a result, it is killed by incoming settlers or by the Game Division in defence of human life and property. Even in the game controlled areas, where human rights are limited to settlement only, and in ...   details Hitchins, P.M. 1968 Some preliminary findings on the population structure and status of the black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Zululand. Lammergeyer 9: 26-28, tables 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Black Rhino Adult is defines as an animal over 4 years old Immature is approximately less than 4 years old. Population in Hluhluwe after ground counts in 1961 and 1967 Sample,Adult,Immature,Total ,Male,Female,Total,Male,Female,Unsexed, 1963,28 40%,31 44.3 %,59 84.3 %,5 7.1 %,3 4.3 %,3 4.3 %,7...   details Foster, J.B.; Coe, M.J. 1968 The biomass of game animals in Nairobi National Park, 1960-66. Journal of Zoology, London 155: 413-425, figs. 1-4, tables 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Ecology - Population Black Rhino Nairobi NP, Kenya Adjusted weight: 998.8 kg Average No. Average biomass Animals/sq.km kg/ sq.km 1961 10 counts 0.035 35.0 1962 11 counts 0.035 35.0 1963 7 counts 0.035 35.0 1966 10 counts 0.14 ...   details Child, G. 1968 Behaviour of large mammals during the formation of Lake Kariba. Salisbury and Bulawayo, Trustees of the National Museums of Rhodesia, pp. i-vi, 1-123 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Zimbabwe Ecology - Population Black Rhino Rhino populations withstood considerable compression into the small areas on islands, without the various smaller groups losing their identity (Roth and Child, op. cit.) and without inter-specific competition for food resulting in a heavy mortality. Obviously there is a level at which food suppl...   details Hitchins, P.M. 1968 Some preliminary findings on the population structure and status of the black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Zululand. Lammergeyer 9: 26-28, tables 1-4 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Ecology - Population Black Rhino Three ground counts done 1963 M/F Adult 1:1.1 Immature 1: 1.06 Total 1:1 1966 1:0.9 1:0.7 1:0.9 1967 1;0.7 1;1.7 1;0.9 End   details Child, G. 1968 Behaviour of large mammals during the formation of Lake Kariba. Salisbury and Bulawayo, Trustees of the National Museums of Rhodesia, pp. i-vi, 1-123 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - Zimbabwe Ecology - Population Black Rhino Localised habits also contributed to their being marooned on islands. Six marked individuals were contacted after release, and all were within four miles of the release point. An adult male seen at the north eastern corner of the Umniati West bush clearing, had been noted in this area on severa...   details Snyder, R.L.; Moore, S.C. 1968 Longevity of captive mammals in Philadelphia Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 8: 175-182 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - North America Ecology - Population Indian Rhino Longevity in Philadelphia Zoo. Rhinoceros unicornis female, 239 months.   details Schomber, H.W. 1966 Die Verbreitung und der Bestand des zentralafrikanischen Breitmaulnashorns, Ceratotherium simum cottoni (Lydekker, 1908). Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen 14: 214-227, figs. 1-4, tables 1-12 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population White Rhino Densities of rhino in various areas: Size km? Number km?/animal animal/ km? Umfolozi ca.700 567 1.23 0.81 Hluhluwe 228 40 5.70 0.17 Garamba 4920 600 8.20 0.12 Garamba 4920 1000 4....   details Klingel, H.; Klingel, U. 1966 The rhinoceroses of Ngorongoro Crater. Oryx 8 (5): 302-306, figs. 1-5, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania Ecology - Population Black Rhino The overall sex ratio of the permanent residents including calves and subadults was 17 males to 17 females, that of the adults 11 males to 14 females.   details Scott, Philippa 1966 Delhi Zoo. Animals 9 (4): 196-199 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Asia Ecology - Population Indian Rhino 70 years, said to be, Delhi zoo, old animal.   details Klingel, H.; Klingel, U. 1966 The rhinoceroses of Ngorongoro Crater. Oryx 8 (5): 302-306, figs. 1-5, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania Ecology - Population Black Rhino Of the 101.6 square mites of the crater floor, approximately four are covered by the soda lake. This leaves a feeding area of 97 square miles to the rhinos, of 3.9 square miles to each of the residents (disregarding suckling calves).   details Klingel, H.; Klingel, U. 1966 The rhinoceroses of Ngorongoro Crater. Oryx 8 (5): 302-306, figs. 1-5, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania Ecology - Population Black Rhino Most of the permanent residents lived within well-defined home ranges; this was particularly true for the bulls. The map shows the places where four individuals were recorded during the two years of observation. In several instances animals of both sexes moved out of one area and settled down i...   details Klingel, H.; Klingel, U. 1966 The rhinoceroses of Ngorongoro Crater. Oryx 8 (5): 302-306, figs. 1-5, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Tanzania Ecology - Population Black Rhino In 1963 there were no new-born calves in the population, and only one animal was considered subadult. During the two years eight calves were born in the resident population, all during the rainy season (December to May). On the average, according to these figures, 28 % of the females bred per y...   details Bere, R.M. 1966 Wild animals in an African national park. London, Andre Deutsch, pp. 1-96 Location: Subject: Species: Africa Ecology - Population African Rhino Species Both kinds of rhino seem normally to live for about thirty years.   details Bourliere, F. 1965 Densities and biomasses of some ungulate populations in Eastern Congo and Rwanda. Zoologica Africana 1 (1): 199-207, figs. 1-2, tables 1-6 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Congo (Zaire) Ecology - Population White Rhino In 1960 and 1963 , average density per km? was 0.25.   details Bourliere, F. 1965 Densities and biomasses of some ungulate populations in Eastern Congo and Rwanda. Zoologica Africana 1 (1): 199-207, figs. 1-2, tables 1-6 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Congo (Zaire) Ecology - Population White Rhino In 1960 and 1963, the biomass was 500 kg/ km? .   details Foster, J.B. 1965 Mortality and ageing of black rhinoceros in East Tsavo Park, Kenya. East African Wildlife Journal 3: 118-119 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Ecology - Population Black Rhino In the area to the west of the Yatta Plateau and bordering the Athi River in East Tsavo National Park a large population of rhino was reduced by some 300 animals (Sheldrick, pers. comm.). Many died in the river bed, some half submerged in the water, suggesting that they gained some relief in thi...   details Bruton, R. 1963 The rhinos of South-East Asia. Conservation News 1963 August: 5-10, figs. 1-6, maps 1-2 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Sumatran Rhino sumatrensis has been known to attain the age of 47 years in captivity.   details Cave, A.J.E. 1963 The white rhinoceros in Uganda. Oryx 7 (1): 26-29, map 1 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Uganda Ecology - Population White Rhino Apart from the customary daily and seasonal movements of the species (governed mainly by considerations of feeding and watering) the present animals would appear to move about their district to a greater degree than formerly and to have become increasingly wary and difficult to approach. In the ...   details Feely, J.M. 1962 Air count, August 1960. Lammergeyer 2 (2): 48-49 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Ecology - Population White Rhino Between 25% and 30%. of the population is immature. -Taking the greater figure above it is estimated this represents some 420 adults and 180 immatures of which 67 are known to be between 6 and 20 months. -Assuming equal numbers of both sexes, as appears to be the case, then some 210 adult femal...   details Feely, J.M. 1962 Air count, August 1960. Lammergeyer 2 (2): 48-49 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Ecology - Population White Rhino Some interesting points connected with population structure: Male/female ratio, with adults and immatures, is close to 1:1.   details Jarvis, C.; Morris, D. 1961 Mammals bred in captivity in 1960. International Zoo Yearbook 2: 262 Location: Subject: Species: Captive Ecology - Population Black Rhino Zoos London and Whipsnade. 3 specimens, 66% dead in less than 12 months, average age 136 months, maximum life span 136 months.   details Jarvis, C.; Morris, D. 1961 Mammals bred in captivity in 1960. International Zoo Yearbook 2: 262 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Indian Rhino Zoos London and Whipsnade. 3 specimens, average age 183 months, maximum life span 203 months.   details Natal Parks Board 1953 Nature protection in Natal and Zululand. Oryx 2 (1): 16-18 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Ecology - Population Black Rhino On 29 August 1951 there occurred in Hluhluwe GR the death of the famous old bull black rhinoceros Matilda, who in recent years must surely have become the most photographed individual animal in the world and been directly responsible for visits to the reserve of innumerable tourists. Matilda has...   details Gee, E.P. 1953 The life history of the Great Indian one-horned Rhinoceros (R unicornis Linn.). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 51 (2): 341-348, fig. 1 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South Asia - India - Assam Ecology - Population Indian Rhino From own experience in Kaziranga, on 6 April 1939 I photographed an old bull with an old wound on the hindquarters, known as 'boora goonda', the old big bull. On 8 Jan 1950 the same bull was seen with a cow just outside the sanctuary. The same bull was still frequenting the place in April 1952....   details Babault, G. 1949 Notes ethologiques sur quelques mammiferes africains. Mammalia 13: 1-16 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Eastern Africa - Kenya Ecology - Population Black Rhino The females are a lot more numerous than the males; they live in small groups whereas the males are very often isolated.   details Franck, P.F. 1934 Rhinoceros sondaicus in West-Java. Tropische Natuur 23: 76-79 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population All Rhino Species We know very little about the age of the rhinoceros. In Brehm it is recorded that an Indian rhinoceros in Barrackpore, calcutta was 45 years old and that other zoos had the same experience. If one adds a few years before the animal arrived in captivity, it is clear that the longevity can be up ...   details Dover, C. 1932 The duration of life of some Indian animals. Indian Forester 58 (2): 81-90 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Javan Rhino A Rhinoceros sondaicus in London lived nearly 11 years, another in Calcutta for over 14 years.   details Dover, C. 1932 The duration of life of some Indian animals. Indian Forester 58 (2): 81-90 Location: Subject: Species: Captive Ecology - Population Sumatran Rhino Four records of R. sumatrensis show a life between 10 and 35 years.   details Dover, C. 1932 The duration of life of some Indian animals. Indian Forester 58 (2): 81-90 Location: Subject: Species: Captive Ecology - Population Indian Rhino Fifteen records of Rhinoceros unicornis show an average life of about 29 years, a minimum of 15 1/4 years and a maximum of 47 years.   details Flower, S.S. 1931 Contributions to our knowledge of the duration of life in vertebrate animals, V. Mammals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1931 (1): 145-234 Location: Subject: Species: Captive Ecology - Population Black Rhino Zoo animals with maximum longevity: 1. Male in London Zoo, 19.5.1911-20.7.1924, total 13 yrs 2 months 1 day 2. Male in London Zoo, obtained on 12.2.1868 when quite young in Sudan. In London Zoo, 11.9.1868-12.4.1891, total 22 yrs 7 mo, 1 day, age ca. 23 ? years.   details Flower, S.S. 1931 Contributions to our knowledge of the duration of life in vertebrate animals, V. Mammals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1931 (1): 145-234 Location: Subject: Species: Captive Ecology - Population Indian Rhino Data. 1. Male, London Zoo, purchased when said to be 4 years old, 24.5.1834, died 19.9.1849, 15 yrs 3 mo 25 days, age c. 19 yrs 2. Male, London Zoo, presented 9.6.1906, died 4.1.1924, age 17 yrs 6 mo, 25 days 3. Traivandrum Zoo, species no definitely stated, received March 1878, died 16.6.190...   details Flower, S.S. 1931 Contributions to our knowledge of the duration of life in vertebrate animals, V. Mammals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1931 (1): 145-234 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population All Rhino Species Though most rhinoceros lead, in captivity, short lives of less than ten years, there is no doubt that these animals have great potential longevity, as is proved by those examples that have lived to thirty, and even to over forty years. Actually 27 selected individuals show an average life of alm...   details Flower, S.S. 1931 Contributions to our knowledge of the duration of life in vertebrate animals, V. Mammals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1931 (1): 145-234 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Javan Rhino 1. Male, London Zoo, purchased 7.3.1874 to 23.1.1885, total 10 yrs 10 mo 16 days 2. Calcutta Zoo (Sanyal 1892), lived over 14 yrs.   details Flower, S.S. 1931 Contributions to our knowledge of the duration of life in vertebrate animals, V. Mammals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1931 (1): 145-234 Location: Subject: Species: Captive Ecology - Population Sumatran Rhino 1. lasiotis in Calcutta Zoo (Sanyal 1872), circa 10 yrs 2. Female in Madras Zoo (Flower 1914), circa 14 years, and left alive 3. Male (lasiotis) London Zoo, 27.4.1886-22.11.1910, total 24 yrs, 6 mo, 25 days 4. Female 'Begum', type of lasiotis, captured in Jan. 1868 sixteen hours march south of...   details Korschelt, E. 1927 Lebensdauer, Altern und Tod Zweite, umgearbeitete und stark vermehrte Auflage. Jena, Gustav Fischer Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Indian Rhino Until now animals in captivity have lived for 42 and 45 years.   details Hobley, C.W. 1922 The fauna of East Africa and its future. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1922: 1-15 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Black Rhino This beast does not make long migratory journeys.   details Ellison, B.C. 1922 HRH The Prince of Wales' shoots in India in 1921 and 1922 - part 1. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 28 (3): 675-697, pls. 1-9, map 1, table 1 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population All Rhino Species Writers have commented on the longevity of the Rhinoceros, a hundred years being given as the age.   details Wroughton, R.C. 1918 Bombay Natural History Society's mammal survey of India, Burma and Ceylon: Report no. 29: Pegu. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 25 (3): 472-481 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Sumatran Rhino Have found absolutely fresh tracks, but have not shot one. Very local. I think it is always a local animal in the most restricted sense. It lives for a week, a month, or considerably longer in an area of, say, three to four square miles, then moves to a considerable distance, returning often a...   details Balen, J.H. van 1914 De dierenwereld van Insulinde in woord en beeld, I: De zoogdieren. Deventer, J.C. van der Burgh, pp. i-vii, i-xi, 1-505 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Sumatran Rhino A pair will not tolerate another rhinoceros within half an hour.   details Anonymous 1911 At what time in life does an animal grow old. New York Times 12 Feb 1911 Location: Subject: Species: Captive Ecology - Population Indian Rhino Smiles, a rhinoceros in Central Park Zoo in New York. She came to the USA in 1873, when 3 years old, and was alive in 1911. Termed a two-horned rhinoceros, the picture provided is that of a (young) Indian rhinoceros.   details Mitchell, P.C. 1911 On longevity and relative viability in mammals and birds with a note on the theory of longevity. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1911 (1): 425-548 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population All Rhino Species Rhinos are large vegetable-feeding mammals, with in proportion to their size a relatively low potential longevity and viability. No. Average in months Maximum all species 10 110 342 R.bicornis 1 271 271 R.lasiotis 3 132...   details Marx, E.; Koch, A. 1910 Neues aus der Schausammlung: das Indische Nashorn. Bericht des Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 41 (3): 161-171, figs. 1-7 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Indian Rhino Female in Berlin and Frankfurt, 19 Sep 1872 - 24 Aug 1909. Male in Berlin, 19 Sep 1872 - 7 Sep 1909. Total longevity maximum 40 years.   details Lydekker, R. 1907 The game animals of India, Burma, and Tibet, being a new and revised edition of 'The great and small game of India, Burma, and Tibet'. London, Rowland Ward, pp. i-xv, 1-409 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Indian Rhino Individuals have lived for over twenty years in the London Zoological Gardens, and it is stated that others have been kept in confinement for fully fifty years. Consequently, there is no doubt that the animal is long-lived, and it has been suggested that its term of life may reach as much as a c...   details Thomas, O. 1901 Notes on the type specimen of Rhinoceros lasiotis Sclater, with remarks on the generic position of the living species of rhinoceros. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1901 June 4: 154-158 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Ecology - Population Sumatran Rhino On August 31st, 1900, there died in the Gardens of the Society the famous female Rhinoceros from Chittagong. As the animal was captured in January 1868, its age at death was more than 32 years.   details Oustalet, E. 1900 La longevite chez les animaux vertebres. Nature (La) 28: 378-379 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Indian Rhino The longevity in rhino is probably less than in elephant. An Indian Rhino in the Paris menagerie at the start of the 19th century was over 25 years old and showed signs of age; according to Mr. Cornish, a rhinoceros of the same species lived for 37 years in the London Zoo.   details Bolau, H. 1900 Das Ende des Indischen Nashorns im Hamburger Zoologischen Garten. Zoologische Garten A.F. 41 (11): 334-336 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population Indian Rhino The rhinoceros had to be euthanized. It came on 14 March 1870 when young, and lived here 30 years and 3 months. It was a male from India.   details Bolau, H. 1900 Das Ende des Indischen Nashorns im Hamburger Zoologischen Garten. Zoologische Garten A.F. 41 (11): 334-336 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Ecology - Population Indian Rhino One Indian rhino had lived 8 yrs 9 mo 16 days until 31.12.1878 and was still alive..   details Bolau, H. 1900 Das Ende des Indischen Nashorns im Hamburger Zoologischen Garten. Zoologische Garten A.F. 41 (11): 334-336 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Ecology - Population Sumatran Rhino Zoo Hamburg. One Sumatran Rhinos lived for 4 yrs 2 months and 6 days in the zoo.   details Breslau Zoo 1896 Geschaeftsbericht des Breslauer Zoologischen Gartens fuer das Jahr 1895. Zoologische Garten A.F. 37 (9): 278-283 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Ecology - Population Indian Rhino Indian rhino died, it was 42 years old.   details London Zoo 1891 Alter eines Nashorns, Rhinoceros bicornis, im Londoner Zoologischen Garten. Zoologische Garten A.F. 32 (5): 155 Location: Subject: Species: Captive - Europe Ecology - Population Black Rhino A Diceros bicornis in London died after living 22 years in the zoo.   details Gens, E. 1861 Promenade au Jardin Zoologique d'Anvers. Antwerpen, J.E. Buschmann, pp. 1-188 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population All Rhino Species It is estimated that this animal, like man, lives up to 70 or 80 years.   details Darwin, C. 1839 Journal of researches into the geology and natural history of the various countries visited by HMS Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, RN from 1832 to 1836. London, Henry Colburn, pp. i-xiv, 1-615, 1-16 Location: Subject: Species: Africa - Southern Africa - South Africa Ecology - Population Black Rhino By the kinds ness of Dr Andrew Smith, - he informed me that in lat. 24? in one day's march with the bullock-waggons, he saw, without wandering to any great distance on either side, between 100 and 150 rhinoceroses, which belonged to three species [bicornis, simum, keitloa]   details Gelpke, J.H.F.S. 1838 Schets van het eiland Nousakambang-an. Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie 1 (2): 54-70 Location: Subject: Species: Asia - South East Asia - Indonesia - Java Ecology - Population Asian Rhino Species Island Nousakambang-an, off Java's south coast. Rhinoceroses have settled on the island, but if we are to believe the story of the local people who have lived on the island for seventy years, it appears that there is only one of these dangerous animals on the island, which the people perceive as...   details Hodgson, B.H. 1834 On the mammalia of Nepal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1834 August 26: 95-104 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population All Rhino Species It is believed that the animal lives for one hundred years; one, taken mature, was kept at Katmandoo for 35 years without exhibiting any symptoms of approaching decline.   details Hodgson, B.H. 1825 Remarks on the procreation of the rhinoceros. Quarterly Oriental Magazine: review and register 3 (5): 155-156 Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population All Rhino Species The gestation of the rhinoceros was supposed by Buffon not to exceed 9 months and its corresponding life not to pass that of man, and this remark has been repeated by Desmarest.   details Martin, B. 1782 The young gentleman and lady's philosophy in a continued survey of the works of nature and art, by way of dialogue. London, W.Owen and the author, pp. i-xvi, 1-366, i-xvi Location: Subject: Species: World Ecology - Population All Rhino Species No details available yet   details back to search page Sort order: ------------------- Date ASC Author normal    (2) 1 2