 Reference Base  Conservation and management of black rhinoceros in South ... |
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Hall-Martin, A.; Knight, M.H., 1994. Conservation and management of black rhinoceros in South African national parks: pp. 11-19, figs. 1-2, tables 1-2
 | In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 |
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| Location: |
World |
| Subject: |
Conservation |
| Species: |
All Rhino Species |
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There are essentially two basic approaches to conserving rhinos, and that is either in 'large' or 'small' conservation areas as described below:
A. The large conservation area (generally > 1 000 km? )
This could be either an open or fenced area of land in which the natural patterns of distribution and movement of rhino occur freely (or nearly so). The presence of rhinos grants the area no special conservation status over and above what its original designation. By virtue of the area's size, usually less intense security is provided. This is typical of large conservation areas such as Kruger or Etosha National Parks.
B. The smaller conservation areas (generally < 1000 km? ) can be subdivided depending whether they are fenced-off, and the degree of protection provided:
a. Intensive Protection Zones (IPZs): A selected, smaller (up to ca 1000 km? ), unrestricted area (ie. no fences), within a larger conservation area in which the rhino have either been introduced or occur naturally. The area is provided with intense security measures. The selection of IPZs normally optimizes habitat suitability and potential stocking rates of rhinos. A number of IPZs have been established within Zimbabwe conservation areas.
b. Rhino or Game Sanctuary: A relatively small (generally < 500 km? ), enclosed, and well protected area of land. It is often designed specifically for rhino protection, with Kenya offering some of the typical examples. However, smaller parks and game reserves, such as the the Addo Elephant National Park or Hiuhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve complex could also fall in this category, although they only conserve remnants of a much larger ecosystem.
c. Rhino Conservancy: A relatively large fenced off area of land (up to ce 1000 km'), generally encompassing a number of private properties. Security is normally provided by the landowners. The Save and Bubiana Conservancies in Zimbabwe are good examples.
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